Pashto

Pashto (, ; , ) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It has official status in Afghanistan. It was also known in historical Persian literature as Afghani ().

small, round script of Islamic calligraphy

Perso-Arabic script used to write the Pashto language

government agency of Afghanistan

ڼ is the twenty-ninth letter of Pashto alphabet. It represents the retroflex nasal (IPA: ) which is ण in Devanagari and is transliterated . In Shahmukhi and Saraiki it is written as ݨ.

', , , or ' () is a Pashto letter representing the sibilant affricative (IPA: ) sound. In size and shape, it is a ḥāʾ with a hamza above. It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:

language regulatory institution in Pakistan