PDVSA

Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA, ; English: Petroleum of Venezuela) is the state-owned oil and gas company of Venezuela. It has activities in exploration, production, refining and exporting of oil, as well as exploration and production of natural gas. Since its founding on January 1, 1976, with the nationalization of the Venezuelan oil industry, PDVSA has dominated the petroleum industry of Venezuela, one of the world's largest oil exporters.

Citgo Petroleum Corporation, or Citgo (stylized as CITGO), is a U.S.-located downstream petroleum company that has existed since 1983. Citgo Petroleum was formed as a spinoff of the retail, marketing, and transportation assets of Cities Service following the latter's takeover by Occidental Petroleum in 1982. Headquartered in the Energy Corridor area of Houston, it is majority-owned by PDVSA, a state-owned company of the Venezuelan government (although due to U.S. sanctions in 2019, they no longer from Citgo).

Oil refinery in Venezuela

Orimulsion is a registered trademark name for a bitumen-based fuel that was developed for industrial use by Intevep, the Research and Development Affiliate of Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA), following earlier collaboration on oil emulsions with BP.

pipeline in South America

general strike in Venezuela

world's second largest natural tar pit and lies in Venezuela in northern South America