Peninsular War

1807–1814 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars

1810 revolution in Buenos Aires

the first Constitution of Spain

conflict

Napoleonic client state (1808–1813)

19th-century revival of the traditional Spanish parliament (cortes)

19th-century Spanish uprising

escape of the Braganza royal family and its court of nearly 15,000 people from Lisbon on November 29, 1807

peace treaty

1808 relinquishing of the Spanish throne to Napoleon

1809–1811 Military defences during the Peninsular War

1808 agreement allowing French troops to evacuate from Portugal

Despeñaperros (literally, [cliff where] dogs plunge) is a gorge or canyon carved out by the Despeñaperros river. It is located in the municipality of Santa Elena in the northern portion of the province of Jaén, Spain. The area was declared a natural park by the Andalusian Autonomous Government, primarily for its geology and landscape, but also for its notable flora and fauna.

Spanish institution during the Peninsular War

from 1814 to 1833

Carlotism was a political movement that took place in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata between 1808 and 1812; it intended to make Carlota Joaquina, Infanta of Spain and Queen Consort of Portugal, its monarch.

Portuguese Army general

Masonic lodge

former bridge in Porto

Portuguese general

fortress overlooking the town of Sagunto, near Valencia in Spain

17th Century fort in Portugal