Phenomenology

thumb|17th-century representation of consciousness by Robert Fludd, an English Paracelsian physician

Experience refers to conscious events in general, more specifically to perceptions, or to the practical knowledge and familiarity that is produced by these processes. Understood as a conscious event in the widest sense, experience involves a subject to which various items are presented. In this sense, seeing a yellow bird on a branch presents the subject with the objects "bird" and "branch", the relation between them and the property "yellow". Unreal items may be included as well, which happens when experiencing hallucinations or dreams. When understood in a more restricted sense, only sensory

thumb|The combustion of a match is an observable occurrence, or event, and therefore a phenomenon.

thumb|alt=Existential quantifier|The existential quantifier ∃ is often used in [[logic to express existence.]]

According to the APA Dictionary of Psychology, a feeling is "a self-contained phenomenal experience"; feelings are "subjective, evaluative, and independent of the sensations, thoughts, or images evoking them". The term feeling is closely related to, but not the same as, emotion. Feeling may, for instance, refer to the conscious subjective experience of emotions. The study of subjective experiences is called phenomenology. Psychotherapy generally involves a therapist helping a client understand, articulate, and learn to effectively regulate the client's own feelings, and ultimately to take resp

early 20th century philosophical movement that seeks to describe the universal features of consciousness without assumptions about the external world, aiming to describe phenomena as they appear and exploring the significance of lived experience

philosophical, psychological and anthropological concept that refers to the opposite of one's own identity

In metaphysics, phenomenalism is the view that physical objects cannot justifiably be said to exist as "things-in-themselves", but only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli (e.g. redness, hardness, softness, sweetness, etc.) situated in time and in space. In particular, some forms of phenomenalism reduce all talk about physical objects in the external world to talk about bundles of sense data.

'''''' ( ; ) is a term in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Adopted from the ordinary German word meaning 'existence', Heidegger used it to refer to the mode of being that he believed is particular to human beings, who are aware of and must confront such issues as personhood, mortality, and the dilemma or paradox of living in relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with oneself.

standpoint regarding a topic; opinion, attitude, or judgment upon some matter; way that one looks at something

Apperception (from the Latin ad-, "to, toward" and percipere, "to perceive, gain, secure, learn, or feel") is any of several aspects of perception and consciousness in such fields as psychology, philosophy and epistemology.

Epiphenomenalism is a philosophical theory on the mind–body problem in philosophy of mind. It holds that subjective mental events are completely dependent for their existence on corresponding physical and biochemical events within the human body, but do not themselves influence physical events. According to epiphenomenalism, the appearance that subjective mental states (such as thoughts and intentions) are causally effective themselves and directly influence physical events is an illusion generated by brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, with consciousness itself being a by-product of

Intersubjectivity describes the shared understanding that emerges from interpersonal interactions.

experiential aspect of religion

thumb|Edmund Husserl introduced the concept of lifeworld

Verstehen (, ), in the context of German philosophy and social sciences in general, has been used since the late 19th century – in English as in German – with the particular sense of the "interpretive or participatory" examination of social phenomena. The term is closely associated with the work of the German sociologist Max Weber, whose antipositivism established an alternative to prior sociological positivism and economic determinism, rooted in the analysis of social action. In anthropology, Verstehen has come to mean a systematic interpretive process in which an outside observer of a cultur

In philosophy and anthropology, alterity is the state of being "other" or different (Latin alter). It describes the experience of encountering something or someone perceived as distinct from oneself or one's own group. The concept of alterity explores how we understand and relate to those who are seen as different, and how this "otherness" shapes identity and social relations. While rooted in academic discourse, the term is also increasingly used more broadly to describe anything outside of established norms or conventions.

PRE-CONCEIVED ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION FOR DECODIFICATION

view that Christian revelation and Aristotelian philosophy, as separate sources of knowledge, might arrive at contradictory truths, each in their own spheres, without detriment to either

branch of sociology

The word noema (plural: noemata) derives from the Greek word νόημα meaning "mental object". The philosopher Edmund Husserl used noema as a technical term in phenomenology to stand for the object or content of a thought, judgement, or perception, but its precise meaning in his work has remained a matter of controversy.

inability to describe conscious experiences in soley physical or structural terms

psychological study of subjective experience

affective quality referring to the intrinsic attractiveness or averseness of an event, object, or situation

Ontotheology () is the ontology of God and/or the theology of being. While the term was first used by Immanuel Kant, it has only come into broader philosophical parlance with the significance it took for Martin Heidegger's later thought. While, for Heidegger, the term is used to critique the whole tradition of 'Western metaphysics', much recent scholarship has sought to question whether 'ontotheology' developed at a certain point in the metaphysical tradition, with many seeking to equate the development of 'ontotheological' thinking with the development of modernity, and Duns Scotus often bein

group of philosophers and psychologists

theory of the emergence of classicality by environment-induced selection of quantum states

Neurophenomenology refers to a scientific research program aimed at addressing the hard problem of consciousness in a pragmatic way. It combines neuroscience with phenomenology to study experience, mind, and consciousness with an emphasis on the embodied condition of the human mind. The field is very much linked to fields such as neuropsychology, neuroanthropology,and behavioral neuroscience (also known as biopsychology) and the study of phenomenology in psychology.

term used at the interface between neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy of mind that has multiple meanings

the philosophical idea or fact that something has a historical origin

In philosophy, facticity (, ) has multiple meanings — from "factuality" and "contingency" to the intractable conditions of human existence.

metaphysical theory

technique in the study of essences in phenomenology whose goal is to identify the basic components of phenomena

philosophical assertion that there is more than one geo-historical trajectory, developed by Edmund Husserl, Henri Bergson, and Gilles Deleuze

terminology

1929 debate about the significance of Kantian notions of freedom and rationality

Proposed definitions of philosophy

philosophical question

analytic of Dasein’s ontological constitution or being as a grounding of metaphysics

in the philosophy of Husserl, an act of suspending judgment about the natural world to instead focus on analysis of experience

philosophical orientation of a group of philosophers and psychologists that studied and worked in Munich at the turn of the twentieth century