Philosophy of science

defining a concept in terms of specific, replicable actions or procedures

regular work of scientists

field of study in analytic philosophy

inability to describe conscious experiences in soley physical or structural terms

comparison of scientific fields based on perceived methodological rigor, exactitude, and objectivity

Testability is a primary aspect of science and the scientific method. There are two components to testability: Falsifiability or defeasibility, which means that counterexamples to the hypothesis are logically possible. The practical feasibility of observing a reproducible series of such counterexamples if they do exist.

term describing the central role chemistry plays in the relationships between scientific disciplines

hypothetical universal science modeled on mathematics

scientific methodology

History of History of Science

a thesis in philosophy of science that says that all the sciences form a unified whole

"natural" grouping, not an artificial one; family of entities possessing properties bound by natural law

means of interpreting scientific evidence through a feminist lens

science consciously conducted on the basis of normative judgement

Pseudoskepticism (also spelled as pseudoscepticism) is a philosophical or scientific position that appears to be that of skepticism or scientific skepticism but in reality is a form of dogmatism.

principle that scientific change is generational

academic discipline

former group of philosophers and scientists

book by John Stuart Mill

Sciences other than fundamental physics

concept of modern physics theories that they should, under some circumstances, approximate the predictions of classical physics

use of science on urgent issues involving uncertainty in facts and moral values

reasoning about degrees of belief using Bayesian inference

British award for an outstanding contribution to the philosophy of science (1986-)

a thought object that does not have an equal in the real world

forms of ethical naturalism

Humeanism refers to the philosophy of David Hume and to the tradition of thought inspired by him. Hume was an influential eighteenth century Scottish philosopher well known for his empirical approach, which he applied to various fields in philosophy. In the philosophy of science, he is notable for developing the regularity theory of causation, which in its strongest form states that causation is nothing but constant conjunction of certain types of events without any underlying forces responsible for this regularity of conjunction. This is closely connected to his metaphysical thesis that there

study of scientific thought or behavior

non-technical introduction to M-theory, the leading contender for a universal "Theory of Everything" that unifies gravity with other forces such as electromagnetism.

the power of a scientific theory to generate testable predictions, which differs from mere explanatory or descriptive power

In philosophy, nomology refers to a "science of laws" based on the theory that it is possible to elaborate descriptions dedicated not to particular aspects of reality but inspired by a scientific vision of universal validity expressed by scientific laws.

used to describe characteristics of a phenomenon being studied

A lie-to-children is a simplified, and often technically incorrect, explanation of technical or complex subjects employed as a teaching method. It is usually not done with an intent to deceive, but instead seek to 'meet the child/pupil/student where they are', in order to facilitate initial comprehension, which they build upon over time as the learner's intellectual capacity expands. The technique has been incorporated by academics within the fields of biology, evolution, bioinformatics and the social sciences.

philosophical interpretation of the axioms of probability

latin terms

truth as determined by consensus rather than or before other criteria

critical observation of science

substantial disagreement among scientists

scientific society

additional confirmatory evidence found to support a proposition and increase confidence in its truth

Hierarchical categorisation of different fields of science

concept in sociology; the term social mechanisms and mechanism-based explanations of social phenomenon originate from the philosophy of science

hypothesis that is provisionally accepted as a basis for further research in the hope that a tenable theory will be produced

philosophical concept of Ludwig Wittgenstein

account a bystander gives in the courtroom

philosophy of science

a modest open-minded temper—develop new light, new knowledge, new experiments, even when their results are unfavourable to preconceived opinions and long-cherished theories

the idea that there can be many different yet equally valid scientific theories that describe the same phenomena, as long as they pass the tests of falsification

formal logical reconstructions of theoretical propositions attempting to draw a line between science and metaphysics

analogy used in anti-foundational accounts of knowledge about the recursive nature of revising one's beliefs

Argument in the philosophy of science

Antireductionism is the position in science and metaphysics that stands in contrast to reductionism (anti-holism) by advocating that not all properties of a system can be explained in terms of its constituent parts and their interactions.

use of jargon and mathematics in social sciences to imitate physics

philosophical questions relating to psychiatry and mental illness

attempts to explain the factors that shape technological innovation and the impact of technology on society and culture