Phoenician alphabet

abjad found in Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions across the Mediterranean from the 11th–2nd centuries BCE

Aleph (or alef or alif, transliterated ʾ) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʾālep , Hebrew ʾālef , Aramaic ʾālap , Syriac ʾālap̄ , Arabic ʾalif , and North Arabian . It also appears as South Arabian and Ge'ez ʾälef .

second letter of many Semitic alphabets

Mem (also spelled Meem, Meme, or Mim) is the thirteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew mēm , Aramaic mem 𐡌, Syriac mīm ܡ, Arabic mīm , and Phoenician mēm 𐤌. Its sound value is . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪃‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek mu (Μ), Etruscan class=skin-invert-image|10px|M, Latin M, and Cyrillic М.

Gimel is the third (in alphabetical order; fifth in spelling order) letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician gīml 𐤂, Hebrew gīmel , Aramaic gāmal 𐡂, Syriac gāmal ܓ Arabic jīm . Ancient North Arabian 𐪔‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

extinct unclassified language of southwest Iberia

Dalet (, also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ' 𐤃, Hebrew , Aramaic ' 𐡃, Syriac '''' ܕ, and Arabic (in abjadi order; 8th in modern order). Its sound value is the voiced alveolar plosive (). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪕‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic tāʾ , Aramaic taw 𐡕‎, Hebrew tav , Phoenician tāw 𐤕, and Syriac taw ܬ. In Arabic, it also gives rise to the derived letter ṯāʾ. Taw's original sound value has been claimed to be . It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪉‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Geʽez .

sixth letter of many Semitic alphabets

Lamedh or lamed is the twelfth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew lāmeḏ , Aramaic lāmaḏ 𐡋, Syriac lāmaḏ ܠ, Arabic lām , and Phoenician lāmd 𐤋. Its sound value is . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪁‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Zayin (also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay) is the seventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician zayn 𐤆, Hebrew zayīn , Aramaic zain 𐡆, Syriac zayn ܙ, and Arabic zāy . It represents the sound . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪘‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .‌ The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan z class=skin-invert|14px|Z, Latin Z, and Cyrillic Ze З, as well as Ж.

fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets

fourteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets

Teth, also written as ' or Tet', is the ninth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṭēt 𐤈, Hebrew ṭēt , Aramaic ṭēṯ 𐡈, Syriac ṭēṯ ܛ, and Arabic ṭāʾ . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪗‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Geʽez .

seventeenth letter of the Semitic scripts

Heth, sometimes written Chet or Ḥet, is the eighth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ḥēt 𐤇, Hebrew ḥēt , Aramaic ḥēṯ 𐡇, Syriac ḥēṯ ܚ, and Arabic ḥāʾ . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪂‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated ) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin , Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪒‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Qoph is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician qōp 𐤒, Hebrew qūp̄ , Aramaic qop 𐡒, Syriac qōp̄ ܩ, and Arabic qāf . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian , South Arabian , and Geʽez .

Resh is the twentieth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician rēš 𐤓, Hebrew rēš , Aramaic rēš 𐡓‎, Syriac rēš ܪ, and Arabic rāʾ . It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪇‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . Its sound value is one of a number of rhotic consonants: usually or , but also or in Hebrew and some North Mesopotamian Arabic dialects.

twenty-first letter in many Semitic alphabets

Tsade (also spelled ', , , , tzadi, sadhe, tzaddik') is the eighteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṣādē 𐤑, Hebrew ṣādī , Aramaic ṣāḏē 𐡑, Syriac ṣāḏē ܨ, Ge'ez ṣädäy ጸ, and Arabic ṣād . It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . The corresponding letter of the Ugaritic alphabet is 𐎕 ṣade.

Kaph (also spelled kaf) is the eleventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician kāp 𐤊, Hebrew kāp̄ , Aramaic kāp 𐡊, Syriac kāp̄ ܟ, and Arabic kāf (in abjadi order). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪋‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Yodh (also spelled jodh, yod, or jod) is the tenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician yōd 𐤉, Hebrew yod , Aramaic yod 𐡉, Syriac yōḏ ܝ, and Arabic yāʾ . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪚‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . Its sound value is in all languages for which it is used; in many languages, it also serves as a long vowel, representing .

Samekh or samech is the fifteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician sāmek 𐤎, Hebrew sāmeḵ , Aramaic samek 𐡎, and Syriac semkaṯ ܣ. Samekh is the only letter of the Semitic abjad that has no surviving descendant in the Arabic alphabet; however, it was present in the Nabataean alphabet, the Arabic alphabet's immediate predecessor, as the letter simkath , which was related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪏‎‎‎ and South Arabian . The numerical value of samekh is 60.

Unicode block (U+10900-1091F)

sarcophagus found in Lebanon