Physical cosmology

cosmological model which identifies the Big Bang with a collision between branes and which solves the flatness and homogeneity problems via the flatness of the branes without invoking inflation

period in the evolution of the early universe in which electroweak symmetry is not yet broken

epoch at which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms, around 378 thousand years after the Big Bang

equation of state in cosmology

cosmological model consisting of an infinite chain of FLRW spacetimes in which in which the future timelike infinity of one copy of FLRW spacetime is attached to the past conformal boundary of the next one

cosmological paradox involving gravity

problem in cosmology, solved by cosmic inflation

scientific theory

time period of seeming infinite density just after the Big Bang

cosmological model in which the inflationary phase lasts forever throughout most of the multiverse but we find ourselves in a small corner in which inflation has stopped

History of a cosmological theory

definitions for distance between two objects or events in the universe

award

distance indicator in astronomy

phenomenon of redshift in cosmology

philosophical concept

emission-line galaxy

proposal concerning the state of the Universe prior to the Planck epoch, given by the path integral over all geometries that have a specified induced metric on their boundary

cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole

ratio of total mass of a galaxy or cluster to its luminosity

horizon appearing on a cosmological scale

fluctuations in the density of the visible baryonic matter of the universe, caused by acoustic density waves in the primordial plasma of the early universe

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scale

computer-simulated universes

major unsolved problem in physics

spatial geometry which is not "flat" or Euclidean

cosmology group

theory that tries to give a quantum field description of gravity

set of minority cosmological theories about the distribution of matter in the Universe

type of spectrum apart from the Big Bang, whichever shows the universe

formulation of general relativity

Physics postulate describing all electrons/positrons as one time-independent entity

general relativity model near the beginning of the universe

Time coordinate used in cosmology

Ylem ( or ) is a hypothetical original substance or condensed state of matter, which became subatomic particles and elements as are understood today. The term was used by George Gamow, his student Ralph Alpher, and their associates in the late 1940s, having resuscitated it from Middle English after Alpher found it in Webster's Second dictionary, where it was defined as "the first substance from which the elements were supposed to have been formed."

the hypothesis that the numerical similarity between the proton–electron gravitational force–electrical force ratio and the classical electron radius–age of the universe ratio is not a coincidence

hypothesis that the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero

density variations in the early universe during cosmic inflation

any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard model of cosmology

number of protons in the observable universe

field of cosmology

feature of the spectra of quasars

Type of distant galaxy

dimensionless measure of the cosmic acceleration of the expansion of space

proposed higher dimensions of space and time

Star-forming galaxies at high redshift

infrared radiation caused by stellar dust

accumulated radiation in the universe

arrangement consists of galaxies, galactic clusters, and lots of gas and dust

space of vacua of string theory, or equivalently quantum field theories obtainable as low-energy limits of string theory

physics model in which particles (except the graviton) are localized on a 4d brane inside a 5d anti-de Sitter space

simulation of a dynamical system of particles

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physics theory sometimes referred to as "gravity's rainbow"

finite, symmetry-reduced model of loop quantum gravity

approximation algorithm for performing an n-body simulation

non-technical introduction to M-theory, the leading contender for a universal "Theory of Everything" that unifies gravity with other forces such as electromagnetism.

paradox relating to fate of universe