Phytosauria

Phytosaurs (Φυτόσαυροι in Greek, meaning 'plant lizard') are an extinct group of large, mostly semiaquatic Late Triassic archosauriform or basal archosaurian reptiles. Phytosaurs belong to the order Phytosauria and are sometimes referred to as parasuchians. Phytosauria, Parasuchia, Parasuchidae, and Phytosauridae have often been considered equivalent groupings containing the same species. Some recent studies have offered a more nuanced approach, defining Parasuchidae and Phytosauridae as nested clades within Phytosauria as a whole. The clade Phytosauria was defined by Paul Sereno in 2005 as Ru

Rutiodon (meaning "wrinkle tooth") is an extinct genus of mystriosuchine phytosaurs from the Late Triassic of the eastern United States. The type species of Rutiodon, Rutiodon carolinensis, encompasses a large number of skulls and assorted postcranial fossils discovered in the Cumnock Formation of North Carolina. Fossils referable to the species are also known from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Virginia. Rutiodon carolinensis is the most well-described species of phytosaur in eastern North America, though its validity as a natural taxon has been questioned. Some paleontologists also recognize

Mystriosuchus (meaning "spoon-crocodile") is an extinct genus of phytosaur that lived in the Late Triassic (middle Norian) in Europe and Greenland. It was first named by Eberhard Fraas in 1896, and includes four species: M. planirostris (the type species), M. westphali, M. steinbergeri, and M. alleroq.

Smilosuchus (from Ancient Greek σμίλη (smílē), meaning "knife, chisel", and Σοῦχος (Soûkhos), meaning "Sobek") is an extinct genus of leptosuchomorph parasuchid phytosaurs from the Late Triassic of North America. Three species have been named: the type species S. gregorii, S. adamanensis, and S. lithodendrorum, all recovered from the Norian-aged Chinle Formation of Arizona.

thumb|250px|left|An outdated reconstruction of Belodon and Aetosaurus. The [[skull of Belodon is based on Nicrosaurus kapffi, and the carapace on Paratypothorax]]

Redondasaurus is an extinct genus or subgenus of phytosaur from the Late Triassic (late Norian or Rhaetian) of the southwestern United States. It was named by Hunt & Lucas in 1993, and contains two species, R. gregorii and R. bermani. It is the youngest and most evolutionarily-advanced of the phytosaurs.

Parasuchus is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur known from the Late Triassic (late Carnian to early Norian stage) of Telangana and Madhya Pradesh, India. At its most restricted definition, Parasuchus contains a single species, Parasuchus hislopi. Parasuchus hislopi is one of several species belonging to a basal grade of phytosaurs, typified by the genus Paleorhinus. Historically, Paleorhinus has been known from better-described fossils, and many species have been lumped into that genus. Parasuchus hislopi, despite being described earlier than Paleorhinus, was considered an undiagnostic chime

Paleorhinus (Greek: "Old Nose") is an extinct genus of widespread basal phytosaur known from the Late Triassic (late Carnian stage). The genus was named in 1904 based on the type species Paleorhinus bransoni, which is known from Wyoming and Texas in the United States. Another valid species, Paleorhinus angustifrons from Bavaria, Germany, is also commonly referred to the genus. Paleorhinus had a length of about .

thumb|Life restoration of Angistorhinus grandis

Machaeroprosopus (from , 'large knife' and , 'bordering on') is an extinct genus of mystriosuchin leptosuchomorph phytosaur from the Late Triassic of the southwestern United States. M. validus, once thought to be the type species of Machaeroprosopus, was named in 1916 on the basis of three complete skulls from Chinle Formation, Arizona. The skulls have been lost since the 1950s, and a line drawing in the original 1916 description is the only visual record of the specimen. Another species, M. andersoni, was named in 1922 from New Mexico, and the species M. adamanensis, M. gregorii, M. lithodend

Nicrosaurus (/nɪkroʊˈsɔrəs/) is an extinct genus of phytosaur reptile that lived during the Late Triassic period. Although it looked like a crocodile (and probably lived like the more terrestrial crocodylomorphs), it was not closely related to them, instead being an example of parallel evolution.

Ebrachosuchus is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur known from the Late Triassic (late Carnian stage) of Bavaria, southern Germany. It is known only from the holotype BSPG 1931 X 501, a complete skull missing both mandibles. It was collected at Ebrach Quarry, bed number 9 from the late Carnian-aged Blasensandstein Member of the Hassberge Formation. It was first named by Oskar Kuhn in 1936 and the type species is Ebrachosuchus neukami. left|thumb|Reconstruction of Ebrachosuchus (left) Hunt and Lucas (1991) mistakenly referred to Francosuchus angustifrons as Ebrachosuchus angustifrons, and cons

Diandongosuchus is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile, possibly a member of the Phytosauria, known from the Middle Triassic of China. The type species Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis was named in 2012 from the Zhuganpo Formation of Yunnan Province. It is a marine species that shows similarities with another Chinese Triassic species called Qianosuchus mixtus, although it has fewer adaptations toward marine life. It was originally classified as the basal-most member of the pseudosuchian clade Poposauroidea. However, a subsequent study conducted by Stocker et al. (2016, 2017) indicated it to

Leptosuchomorpha is a clade of phytosaurs. It is a node-based taxon defined by Michelle R. Stocker in 2010 as the last common ancestor of Leptosuchus studeri and Pseudopalatus pristinus and all of its descendants. A new definition was proposed by Andrew S. Jones and Richard J. Butler in 2018 as the last common ancestor and all descendants of Smilosuchus lithodendrorum, Leptosuchus studeri, and Machaeroprosopus pristinus to reflect the new interrelationships of Phytosauria they recovered.

Palaeoctonus is an extinct genus of archosaur (possibly phytosaur) known only from isolated teeth. The name is derived from Greek (palaios meaning "ancient", -ktonos meaning "killer"). The genus is believed to have flourished during the Upper (Late) Triassic period.

Centemodon (meaning "point tooth") is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur from the Late Triassic Period. It lived in what is now Pennsylvania, United States. It is classified as a nomen dubium. It was found in the Red Sandstone Formation near the Schuyklill River. Centemodon may have been related to Suchoprion. It was a small phytosaur, weighing no more than when fully grown.

Brachysuchus (from Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús), meaning "short", and Σοῦχος (Soûkhos), meaning "Sobek") is an extinct genus of parasuchid phytosaurs known from the late Triassic period (Carnian stage) of Dockum Group in Texas, United States. It is known from the holotype UMMP 10336 is composed of a skull, lower jaws and partial postcranium and from the associated paratype UMMP 14366, nearly complete skull, recovered from the 'Pre-Tecovas Horizon' in the Dockum Group. It was first named by Case in 1929 and the type species is Brachysuchus megalodon. Its closest relative was Angistorhinus. Ho

Termatosaurus ("End Lizard", due to its appearance in the End Triassic) is a potentially dubious genus of archosaur known from several tooth specimens. Its remains come from the Upper Triassic of France, England, Germany and Switzerland.

Mystriosuchini, historically known as Pseudopalatinae, is an extinct tribe (formerly subfamily) of derived phytosaurs in the clade Leptosuchomorpha. As with all other phytosaurs, mystriosuchins lived during Late Triassic. The name is derived from the genus Mystriosuchus, and the clade was phylogenetically defined by Andrew S. Jones and Richard J. Butler in 2018 as the last common ancestor and all descendants of Mystriosuchus planirostris, Machaeroprosopus jablonskiae, and Machaeroprosopus buceros.

Phytosaurus (meaning "plant lizard") is a dubious genus of extinct parasuchid phytosaur found in an outcrop of the Keuper (likely the Exter Formation) in Germany. Phytosaurus was the first phytosaur to be described, being done so by Georg Friedrich von Jaeger in 1828. The type species is P. cylindricodon and a second species, P. cubicodon, is also known.

genus of reptiles

Leptosuchus (from Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós), meaning "thin", and Σοῦχος (Soûkhos), meaning "Sobek") is an extinct genus of leptosuchomorph parasuchid phytosaurs with a complex taxonomical history. Fossils have been found from the Dockum Group and lower Chinle Formation outcropping in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, United States, and date back to the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic.

Rileyasuchus is a genus of phytosaur from the Rhaetian (Late Triassic) Magnesian Conglomerate of England. It has a confusing history, being associated with the taxonomy of Palaeosaurus and Thecodontosaurus, and being a replacement name for a preoccupied genus (Rileya, which had already been used by Ashmead, and Howard both in 1888 for a hymenopteran).

Mesorhinosuchus ("middle nose crocodile") is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur possibly known from the Early Triassic (early Olenekian stage) of Saxony-Anhalt, central-eastern Germany. It was first named by Otto Jaekel in 1910 and the type species is Mesorhinus fraasi. The generic name Mesorhinus was preoccupied by Mesorhinus piramydatus, a macraucheniid mammal, which is now considered to be a junior synonym of Oxyodontherium. Thus, an alternative generic name, Mesorhinosuchus, was proposed by Oskar Kuhn in 1961. The genus is occasionally misspelled as Mesorhinosaurus, while Stocker and Butl