Pliocene Africa

African stratovolcano

theoretical refilling of the Mediterranean Sea between the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs

Haruj (, also known as Haroudj) is a large volcanic field spread across in central Libya. It is one of several volcanic fields in Libya along with Tibesti, and its origin has been attributed to the effects of geologic lineaments in the crust.

pebble found by early humans, resembles a face

Palaeospheniscus is an extinct genus of penguins belonging to the subfamily Palaeospheniscinae. These penguins are apparently not closely related to the modern genus Spheniscus.