Political parties disestablished in 1852

international political party established in June 1847 in London, England

Neo-Guelphism () was a 19th-century Italian political movement, started by Vincenzo Gioberti, which wanted to unite Italy into a single kingdom with the Pope as its king. Despite little popular support, the movement raised interests among intellectuals, journalists and Catholic reformist politicians. They were also linked both to ontologism, a philosophical movement, and to rationalist-leaning theology.

political group formed by monarchists and conservatives in the French Parliament during the French Second Republic