Political terminology in Spain

thumb|Execution of the leaders of the failed Spanish 1831 pronunciamento under José María de Torrijos y Uriarte|General Torrijos A '''''' is a form of military rebellion or coup d'état particularly associated with Spain, Portugal and Ibero-America, especially in the 19th century.

thumb|200px|Portrait of Joseph Bonaparte by [[François Gérard. Bonaparte was King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]] Afrancesado (, ; "Francophile" or "turned-French", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the Spanish and Portuguese supporters of Enlightenment ideas, Liberalism, or the French Revolution, that supported Napoleon's occupation as a means to implant these ideas in Spain.

Abertzale (; English: "patriot", literally "fond of the fatherland") is a Basque term usually referring to people or political groups who are associated with Basque nationalism.

thumb|Cartoon from the republican magazine (1869-1876) denouncing caciquism and electoral fraud. It shows the liberal Sagasta, perched on the "[[universal suffrage" funnel, at the head of a cohort of caciques and members of the forces of law and order carrying ballot boxes and pushing wheelbarrows of votes, followed by "canned municipal councils", prisoners, peasants and workers, the latter of whom "vote the dead".]] Caciquism is a network of political power wielded by local leaders called "", aimed at influencing electoral outcomes. It is a feature of some modern-day societies with incomplete

'''''' refers both to a specific period of Spanish history, between the general strike of August 1917 and Primo de Rivera's coup in September 1923, and to the social phenomenon spread in many areas of Spain during which Spanish employers hired thugs to intimidate and often attack trade unionists and notable workers – and vice versa. It was characterized by the birth and proliferation of several armed groups composed of ("gunfighters"), men specialized in the use of violence.

phrase about the political division of Spain up to the Spanish Civil War

expression used in Spain which attests to the social characteristics typical of Francoism that survived in Spanish society after the death of Francisco Franco in 1975

In Spanish politics, the turnismo, turno pacífico or simply turno (Spanish for "turn" or "shift") refers to an informal two-party system of government within the constitutional monarchy of the Restoration. It consisted of the alternation in government of the two dynastic parties (the Conservative and the Liberal parties) through systematic electoral fraud which ensured that the party that called the elections always won.