Political theories

Neomercantilism (also spelled neo-mercantilism) is a policy regime that encourages exports, discourages imports, controls capital movement, and centralizes currency decisions in the hands of a central government. The objective of neomercantilist policies is to increase the level of foreign reserves held by the government, allowing more effective monetary policy and fiscal policy.

cultural, historical and political divide

thumb|upright=0.9|Arms of the See of Canterbury, governing the [[Church of England]]

In Christian theology, irenicism refers to attempts to unify Christian apologetical systems by using reason as an essential attribute. The word is derived from the Greek word ειρήνη (eirene) meaning peace. It is a concept related to a communal theology and opposed to committed differences, which can cause unavoidable tension or friction, and is rooted in the ideals of pacifism. Those who affiliate themselves with irenicism identify the importance of unity in the Christian Church and declare the common bond of all Christians under Christ.

In political science, sultanism is a form of authoritarian government characterized by the extreme personal presence of the ruler in all elements of governance. The ruler may or may not be present in economic or social life, and thus there may be pluralism in these areas, but this is never true of political power.

theory concerning generic fascism

actions by a victorious revolutionary government to promote similar revolutions in other states

The Anti-Federalists were a late-18th-century group in the United States advancing a political movement that opposed the creation of a stronger federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, gave state governments more authority. Led by Patrick Henry of Virginia, Anti-Federalists worried, among other things, that the position of president, then a novelty, might evolve into a monarchy. Though the Constitution was ratified and supplanted the Articles of Confederation, Anti-

Chinese political faction

concept of citizenship

Neopatrimonialism is a system of social hierarchy where patrons use state resources to secure the loyalty of clients in the general population. It is an informal patron–client relationship that can reach from very high up in state structures down to individuals in small villages.

historically accepted ownership right to property or territory acquired by force of arms

thumb|250px|Nimrod (sculpture)|Nimrod (1939) by [[Yitzhak Danziger, a visual emblem of the Canaanite idea.]]

thumb|The flag of Zaire is a symbol of Mobutism.

Post-Islamism is a neologism in political science, the definition and applicability of which is disputed. Asef Bayat and Olivier Roy are among the main architects of the idea.

state of nature where individuals determine the structure of society ignorant of their position

aggressive and radical form of nationalism that incorporates autonomous, patriotic sentiments with a belief in expansionism

Communization is a contemporary communist theory that posits revolution as the immediate abolition of capitalist social relations, including the state, wage labour, and value. Unlike traditional Marxist conceptions which often involve a transitional stage of socialism, communization theory holds that a communist society must be created directly through the revolutionary process itself. The theory emerged from left communist currents in France during the 1970s and gained renewed attention in the early 21st century amid the perceived failures of 20th-century revolutionary movements.

Liquidationism () was the ideology among some members of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) who argued for the abandonment of the underground party work and transition to exclusively legal political activities.

1882 lecture by French historian Ernest Renan

Tellurocracy (from and ) is a concept proposed by Aleksandr Dugin to describe a type of civilization or state system that is defined by the development of land territories and consistent penetration into inland territories. Tellurocratic states possess a set state-territory in which the state-forming ethnic majority lives, around this territory further land expansion occurs. Tellurocracy is conceived of as an antonym to thalassocracy.

In Marxism, ultra-leftism encompasses a broad spectrum of revolutionary Marxist currents. Ultra-leftism distinguishes itself from other left-wing currents through its rejection of electoralism, trade unionism, and national liberation. The term is sometimes used as a synonym of Italian left communism. "Ultra-left" is also commonly used as a pejorative by Marxist–Leninists and Trotskyists to refer to extreme or uncompromising Marxist sects.

A social phenomenon named after Alexis de Tocqueville

Vanguardism, a core concept of Leninism, is the idea that a revolutionary vanguard party, composed of the most conscious and disciplined workers, must lead the proletariat in overthrowing capitalism and establishing socialism, ultimately progressing to communism.

idea that it is both possible and legitimate for private and public institutions to affect behavior while also respecting freedom of choice

patriotic and antimperialist Ideology

philosophical view that events are entirely determined by history

political theory about illiberal democracies

Agonism (from Greek 'struggle') is a political and social theory that emphasizes the potentially positive aspects of certain forms of conflict. It accepts a permanent place for such conflict in the political sphere, but seeks to show how individuals might accept and channel this conflict positively. Agonists are especially concerned with debates about democracy, and the role that conflict plays in different conceptions of it. The agonistic tradition to democracy is often referred to as agonistic pluralism. A related political concept is that of countervailing power. Beyond the realm of the pol

study of the structures that produce white privilege, the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, and the exploration of other social phenomena related to White people

Praetorianism means excessive or abusive political influence of the armed forces in a country. The word comes from the Roman Praetorian Guard, who became increasingly influential in the appointment of Roman emperors.

policy advocating welfare benefits just for certain groups

Neo-medievalism (or neomedievalism, new medievalism) is a term with a long history that has acquired specific technical senses in two branches of scholarship.

religious concept

Sectionalism is loyalty to one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole.

analysis of the form of government

thumb|Belarusian Honor Guard carrying the national flags of Belarus and the Soviet Union, as well as the Soviet victory banner, in Minsk, 2019.

type of diplomatic policy

nationalisms

Supporters of the princes of Orange as stadtholder in the Netherlands during the late 18th century

Left-conservatism refers to political stances that combine left-wing economics with social conservatism. It is sometimes referred to as socialist conservatism, though these terms are not necessarily identical in meaning.

phenomenon of decreasing war in market economies

hierarchical organization of multiple governments

Technorealism is an attempt to expand the middle ground between techno-utopianism and Neo-Luddism by assessing the social and political implications of technologies so that people might all have more control over the shape of their future. An account cited that technorealism emerged in the early 1990s and was introduced by Douglas Rushkoff and Andrew Shapiro. In the Technorealism manifesto, which described the term as a new generation of cultural criticism, it was stated that the goal was not to promote or dismiss technology but to understand it so the application could be aligned with basic h

Katarism () is a political movement in Bolivia, named after the 18th-century indigenous leader Túpac Katari.

stating a preference not truly held

legal theory about the island of Taiwan

political stance

In political science, minoritarianism (or minorityism) is a neologism for a political structure or process in which a minority group of a population has a certain degree of primacy in that population's decision making, with legislative power or judicial power being held or controlled by a minority group rather than a majority that is representative of the population. Minoritarianism is sometimes used to describe minority rule, rule by a dominant minority such as an ethnic group delineated by religion, language, or some other identifying factor.

American political philosophy

Technoliberalism is a political ideology founded on ideas of liberty, individuality, responsibility, decentralization, and self-awareness. It also highlights an idea that technology should be available to everyone with minimal controls. Its core beliefs fit under five main interests that include Construction of the Government, Economics, Civil Liberties, Education and Science, and Environment. Technoliberals support such ideas as the balance of powers in the government, decentralization, affordable education, the protection of planet Earth, and the freedom of speech.

In American politics, fusionism is the philosophical and political combination or "fusion" of traditionalist and social conservatism with political and economic right-libertarianism. Fusionism combines "free markets, social conservatism, and a hawkish foreign policy". The philosophy is most closely associated with Frank Meyer.

political movement in 19th-century Belgium

Libertarian municipalism is a political theory that developed out of the writings of American social theorist and philosopher Murray Bookchin. It advocates for establishing direct democratic systems within municipalities, such as towns and cities. It envisions these local communities as the foundation for an ecological society, where citizens actively manage social and economic affairs directly rather than relying on representatives. This approach encourages municipalities to join in confederations to collectively address larger regional issues, creating a network of interconnected communities

Chen Shui-bian’s theory about the political status of the Republic of China: ①ROC on the mainland (1912–49), ②ROC’s arrival in Taiwan (1949–88), ③ROC on Taiwan (1988–2000), ④ROC is Taiwan (2000–)

Eliminationism is a political ideology that views a group within a larger social group as harmful and therefore believes it must be eliminated—by separation, censorship, or extermination—for the benefit of the larger group and in order to preserve its "purity."

theory of the role of warfare in state formation in political anthropology

Chinese moral principles

thumb|Chiang Kai-shek, after whom Chiangism is named

tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election