Populism

Populism is a contested concept for a variety of political stances that emphasise the idea of the "common people", often in opposition to a perceived elite. It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed in the late 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties, and movements since that time, often assuming a pejorative tone. Within political science and other social sciences, different definitions of populism have been employed.

ideology favoring policies that emphasize domestic control of the economy, labor, and capital formation

thumb|A 1963 Spanish peseta coin with the image of [[Generalissimo Francisco Franco, and inscription Caudillo de España, por la Gracia de Dios (Spanish for "Caudillo of Spain, by the Grace of God")]] thumb|Juan Manuel de Rosas, c. 1841 by [[Cayetano Descalzi, the caudillo paradigm]] A caudillo ( , ; , from Latin , diminutive of caput "head") is a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power. No precise English translation exists for the term, though it is often used interchangeably with "military dictator", "warlord", "strongman", and "Generalissimo". The term is historical

thumb|José Clemente Orozco's painting The Demagogue, 1946

themes, catchphrases, and slogans that have been used against homosexuality or other non-heterosexual sexual orientations and to demean lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people

Geolibertarianism is a political and economic ideology that integrates libertarianism with Georgism. It favors a taxation system based (as in Georgism) on income derived from land and natural resources instead of on labor, coupled with a minimalist model of government, as in libertarianism. The term was coined by the late economist Fred Foldvary in 1981.

process whereby parties or candidates compete to be tougher on crime, leading to penal policies designed to win votes rather than reduce crime or promote justice

notion of direct democracy

thumb|alt=refer to caption|Pro-Jair Bolsonaro protestors hold signs criticising politics.

Techno-populism is either a populism in favor of technocracy or a populism concerning certain technology – usually information technology – or any populist ideology conversed using digital media. It can be employed by single politicians or whole political movements respectively. Neighboring terms used in a similar way are technocratic populism, technological populism, and cyber-populism. Italy's Five Star Movement and France's La République En Marche! have been described as technopopulist political movements.

thumb|Portrait of Abd al-Karim Qasim Qasimism () is an Iraqi nationalist ideology based on the thoughts and policies of Abd al-Karim Qasim, who ruled Iraq from 1958 until 1963.

Greek political slang term for political reversal