Pre-Islamic Arabia

In Islamic salvation history, the Jāhiliyyah (Age of Ignorance) is an Arabic expression for an era of pre-Islamic Arabia as a whole or only of the Hejaz leading up to the lifetime of Muhammad.

Arabic civilization which existed in the Arabian Peninsula before the rise of Islam in the 630s

year in which Muhammad was born

Abraha (Ge’ez: አብርሀ) (also spelled Abreha, died presumably 570 CE) was an Aksumite viceroy of Himyar (modern-day Yemen) and a large part of Arabia for over 30 years in the 6th century. Originally a general in the Aksumite army that invaded Yemen around 525 CE, Abraha seized power by deposing the Christian Himyarite king installed by Kaleb.

thumb|Illustration from Phillip Medhurst Collection depicting Joshua fighting Amalek (Exodus 17).|alt=|upright=1.3 Amalek (; ) was a nation described in the Hebrew Bible as a staunch enemy of the Israelites. The name "Amalek" can refer to the nation's founder, a grandson of Esau; his descendants, the Amalekites; or the territories of Amalek, which they inhabited.

religions practiced by Arabs before Islam

pre-Islamic Arabian deity

Pre-islamic tribal chief

book by Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi

tribal war in 5th and 6th-century Arabia

open air market, near Ta'if, in Saudi Arabia

6th-century Himyarite king of Yemen

thumb|right|Family tree from Adnan to [[Muhammad]]

Mukhannath (; plural mukhannathun (); "effeminate ones", "ones who resemble women") was a term used in Classical Arabic and Islamic literature to describe effeminate men or people with ambiguous sexual characteristics, who appeared feminine and functioned sexually or socially in roles typically carried out by women. Mukhannathun, especially those in the city of Medina, are mentioned throughout the ḥadīth literature and in the works of many early Arabic and Muslim writers. The historical role and gender identity of mukhannathun have been interpreted by predominantly Western academics of gender

literary genre about pre-Islamic Arabian war

Iraqi historian and academic (1907–1987)

language

thumb|The only depiction of Gregentios from the Byzantine period: a 12th-century fresco in a Cypriot church Gregentios () was the purported archbishop of Ẓafār, the capital of the kingdom of Ḥimyar, in the mid-6th century, according to a hagiographical dossier compiled in the 10th century. This compilation is essentially legendary and fictitious, although a few parts of it are of historical value. Written in Greek, it survives also in a Slavonic translation. The three works in the dossier are conventionally known as the Bios (Life), Nomoi (Laws) and Dialexis (Debate), respectively a biography

Oriental Orthodox church building in Sanaa, Yemen

judge in pre-Islamic Arabia

Nasīʾ (, an-Nasīʾ, "postponement"), also Romanized as Nasii or Nasie, was an aspect of the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar, mentioned in the Quran in the context of the "four forbidden months". In pre-Islamic Arabia, the decision of "postponement" had been administered by the Banu Kinanah, by a man known as the Qalammas (pl. qalāmisa). Different interpretations of its meaning have been proposed.

tribes recored to have interacted with Muhammad

554 battle

Ancient theatre in Petra, Jordan

arabian Christianity's growth, distribution before Islam