Predicate logic

logical operator specifying how many entities in the domain of discourse that satisfy an open formula

collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science

concept of mathematical logic

in logic, disjunction of literals

mathematical logic concept

Mereology (; from Greek μέρος 'part' (root: μερε-, mere-) and the suffix -logy, 'study, discussion, science') is the philosophical study of part-whole relationships, also called parthood relationships. As a branch of metaphysics, mereology examines the connections between parts and their wholes, exploring how components interact within a system. This theory has roots in ancient philosophy, with significant contributions from Plato, Aristotle, and later, medieval and Renaissance thinkers like Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus. Mereology was formally axiomatized in the 20th century by Polish l

Begriffsschrift (German for, roughly, "concept-writing") is a book on logic by Gottlob Frege, published in 1879, and the formal system set out in that book.

set of entities which discourse talks about and which nouns and noun phrases refer to, or set of entities over which universal and existential quantifiers range

form of predicate logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics

classification of variables in a logic formula based on whether or not they are inside the scope of a quantifier

in mathematical logic, a well-formed formula with no free variables

expression in propositional calculus

term in logic

Rule of inference in predicate logic

rule in predicate logic

inference rule that infers “there exists an A that is B” from “A is B”

apparent logical paradox

fragment of first-order logic

rule for describing which strings of symbols formed from the alphabet of a formal language are syntactically valid within the language

Rule of inference in predicate logic