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Programming language topics

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programming paradigm
category of programming languages according to what methodology of designing and implementing programs their features support
class
in object-oriented programming, a definition that specifies how an object works
context-free grammar
formal grammar whose production rules can be applied to a nonterminal symbol regardless of its context
syntax
set of rules defining the structure of a programming language
program optimization
process of modifying software to improve efficiency or performance
reserved word
word in a programming language that cannot be used as an identifier
safe typing
property of a type system that prevents certain erroneous or undesirable program behaviours
thread safety
computer programming concept applicable to multi-threaded programs
keyword
word with a special meaning in a programming language
trait
computer programming
TIOBE index
comparison of the popularity of a programming language
homoiconicity
In computer programming, homoiconicity (from the Greek words homo- meaning "the same" and icon meaning "representation") is an informal property of some programming languages. A language is homoiconic if a program written in it can be manipulated as data using the language. The program's internal representation can thus be inferred just by reading the program itself. This property is often summarized by saying that the language treats code as data. The informality of the property arises from the fact that, strictly, this applies to almost all programming languages. No consensus exists on a pre
dialect
relatively small variation or extension of a computer language that does not change its intrinsic nature
metacharacter
A metacharacter is a character that has a special meaning to a computer program, such as a shell interpreter or a regular expression (regex) engine. For instance, in XML, the character is interpreted not as ordinary text (in which it would be the less-than sign), but rather as a metacharacter signalling the beginning of an XML tag.
const
type qualifier in C, C++, D, JavaScript, Julia and Rust
off-side rule
syntax rule for programming languages (e.g. Python) where nesting of code blocks is expressed by their indentation
skeleton
design pattern in software development
software transactional memory
concurrency control mechanism for controlling access to shared memory in concurrent computing
operator associativity
property that determines how operators of the same precedence are grouped in the absence of parentheses
Domain-specific modeling
Software engineering methodology
command language
language for job control in computing
systems programming language
class of computer programming languages
language primitive
the simplest element provided by a programming language
function composition
in computer programming
cognitive dimensions of notations
design principles
ad hoc polymorphism
applying polymorphic functions to arguments of different types
indexer
overloadable collection indexing operator
programming language specification
documentation artifact that defines a programming language
command substitution
feature of Unix shells and some programming languages
abstraction principle
principle for avoiding duplicate information and effort in software engineering