Proto-fascist organizations

early 20th century Russian monarchist movement

former Finnish far-right political organisation

The Heimwehr (, ) or Heimatschutz (, ) was a nationalist, initially paramilitary, group that operated in the First Austrian Republic from 1920 to 1936. It was similar in methods, organization, and ideology to the Freikorps in Germany. The Heimwehr was opposed to parliamentary democracy, socialism and Marxism and fought in various skirmishes against left-wing and foreign groups during the 1920s and 1930s. Some of its regional groups also opposed Nazism while others favored it. In spite of its anti-democratic stance, the Heimwehr developed a political wing called the Heimatblock ('Homeland Bloc'

political party in Estonia

The Army Comrades Association (ACA), later the National Guard, Young Ireland and finally League of Youth, known by the nickname the Blueshirts (), was a far-right paramilitary organisation in the Irish Free State, founded in 1932. The group provided physical protection for political groups such as Cumann na nGaedheal from intimidation and attacks by the IRA. Some former members went on to fight for the Francoist faction in the Spanish Civil War.

thumb|Tōyama Mitsuru (center) and [[Yoshio Kodama (first row, second from right) among a meeting of the Dark/Black Ocean Society (Gen'yosha), 1929]] The was an influential Pan-Asianist group and secret society active in the Empire of Japan.

underground Ukrainian nationalist organization, 1920s–1930s

political party

political party

defunct Spanish trade union