Proto-languages

proto-language of the Indo-European languages

In the tree model of historical linguistics, a proto-language is a postulated ancestral language from which a number of attested languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family. Proto-languages are usually unattested, or partially attested at best. They are reconstructed by way of the comparative method.

proto-language of the Germanic languages

proto-language of all the Slavic languages

proto-language

reconstructed ancestor of Turkic languages

last common ancestor of all varieties of Greek

proposed common ancestor to all known languages

ancient Celtic language of Britain, ancestor to Welsh, Cornish, Breton and Cumbric

hypothetical proto-language ancestral to the historical Semitic languages of the Middle East

reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European

thumb | right Proto-Esperanto () is the modern term for any of the stages in the evolution of L. L. Zamenhof's language project, prior to the publication of in 1887.

proto-language

reconstructed ancestor language of Persian, Avestan, Kurdish, Pashto and others

language

reconstructed proto-language

ancestor of Latin and other Italic languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages

linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Dravidian languages

proto-language

proto-language

Common ancestor of the 30 living Mayan languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Kartvelian languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Berber languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Mongolic languages

hypothetical proto-language from which modern Polynesian languages descend, a daughter language of the Proto-Austronesian

reconstructed language

comparatively reconstructed common ancestor of the Balkan Romance languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Anatolian languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Afroasiatic language family

reconstructed ancestor of the Oceanic languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Albanian languages

protolanguage of the Indo-Aryan language family

proto-language of the Baltic language family

reconstructed proto-language

comparatively reconstructed language

reconstructed ancestor of the Algonquian languages

hypothetical ancestor language of Arabic varieties

reconstructed protolanguage of the Baltic-Finnic languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Sino-Tibetan languages

Proto-Min (pMǐn) is a comparative reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Min group of Chinese languages. Min varieties developed in the relative isolation of the Chinese province of Fujian and eastern Guangdong, and have since spread to Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and other parts of the world. They contain reflexes of distinctions not found in Middle Chinese or most other modern varieties, and thus provide additional data for the reconstruction of Old Chinese.

reconstructed ancestor of the Tai languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Algic languages

reconstructed proto-language

reconstructed ancestor of the Kra languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Samoyedic languages

Reconstructed ancestor of the Philippine languages

Wikimedia list article

reconstructed ancestor of the Khmeric languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Iroquoian languages

hypothetical ancestor of the South Dravidian languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Nahuan languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Circassian languages

reconstructed ancestor of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages

reconstruction of an ancestor for the language family

reconstructed ancestor of the Karto-Zan languages

reconstructed proto-language

proto-language of the Quechuan language family

reconstructed ancestor of the Tupian languages