Psychological attitude

thumb|220px|An optimist and a pessimist, Vladimir Makovsky, 1893

A belief is a subjective attitude that something is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some stance, take, or opinion about something. In epistemology, philosophers use the term belief to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false. To believe something is to take it to be true; for instance, to believe that snow is white is comparable to accepting the truth of the proposition "snow is white". However, holding a belief does not require active introspection. For example, few individuals carefully consider whether or

Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. In this context, it is of significance in morality, ethics, law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era concepts of inherent, inalienable rights. The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity".

thumb|upright=1.4|Space and telescopes have been a quintessential symbol for curiosity.

Apathy, also referred to as indifference, is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, and/or concern about something. It is a state of indifference, and/or the suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation, or passion. An apathetic individual has an absence of interest in or concern about emotional, social, spiritual, philosophical, virtual, or physical life and the world. Apathy can also be defined as a person's lack of goal orientation. Apathy falls in the less extreme spectrum of diminished motivation, with abulia in the middle and akinetic mutism being more extreme than both

A worldview (also world-view or world view) or '''''' is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view. When two parties view the same real world phenomenon, if their world views differ, one may include elements that the other does not leading to differing conclusions, despite the shared reference point.

Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth, abilities, or morals. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself (for example, "I am loved", "I am worthy") as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame. Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self; self-esteem, is the positive or negative evaluations of the self, as in how we feel about it (see self)."

thumb|Engraving depicting the play Le Misanthrope by [[Molière]]

thumb|Illustration for John Milton's [[Paradise Lost by Gustave Doré (1866). The spiritual descent of Lucifer into Satan is one of the most famous examples of hubris.]]

thumb|16th-century print by Georg Pencz, depicting pride as one of the [[seven vices]] Pride is a primary emotion characterized by a sense of security with one's identity, performance, and/or accomplishments. It is widely considered the opposite of shame. Depending on the context, pride may be viewed as either a virtue or a vice. Typically, pride arises from praise, independent self-reflection, or a fulfilled feeling of belonging.

psychological construct, a mental and emotional entity that inheres in, or characterizes a person

trait where a subject derives gratification from someone elses suffering

thumb|right|300px|Opportunity Seized, Opportunity Missed, engraving by Theodoor Galle, 1605

Elitism is the notion that individuals who form an elite—a select group with desirable qualities such as intellect, wealth, power, fame, physical attractiveness, notability, special skills, experience, lineage—are more likely to be constructive to society and deserve greater influence or authority. The term elitism may be used to describe a situation in which power is concentrated in the hands of a limited number of people. Beliefs that are in opposition to elitism include egalitarianism, anti-intellectualism (against powerful institutions perceived to be controlled by elites), populism, and t

Machismo (; ; ; ) is the sense of being "manly" and self-reliant, a concept associated with "a strong sense of masculine pride: an exaggerated masculinity". Machismo is a term originating in the early 1940s and 1950s and its use became more widespread in popular culture in the 60s. While the term is associated with "a man's responsibility to provide for, protect, and defend his family", machismo is strongly and consistently associated with dominance, aggression, grandstanding, and an inability to nurture. Machismo is found to be deeply rooted in family dynamics and a Hypermasculinity culture i

thumb|right|A person is sincere when their spoken words match their thoughts

attitude or state of mind characterized by a general distrust of others' motives

right|thumb|Shaking hands after a tennis match is considered a symbol of good sportsmanship. thumb|Pat on the back|Patting on the back sometimes occurs before the game like this one from the [[Philippine Basketball Association.]] right|thumb|These two teams of young soccer|football (soccer) players line up and high-five after a game to practice good sportsmanship. Sportsmanship is an ethos that a sport or activity should be enjoyed for its own sake, with proper consideration for fairness, ethics, respect, and a sense of fellowship with competitors.

behavior

standpoint regarding a topic; opinion, attitude, or judgment upon some matter; way that one looks at something

In psychology, economics and philosophy, preference is a technical term usually used in relation to choosing between alternatives. For example, someone prefers A over B if they would rather choose A than B. Preferences are central to decision theory because of this relation to behavior. Some methods such as Ordinal Priority Approach use preference relation for decision-making. As connative states, they are closely related to desires. The difference between the two is that desires are directed at one object while preferences concern a comparison between two alternatives, of which one is preferr

psychological trait/personality type

Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest personal aspirational human need in the hierarchy. It represents where one's potential is fully realized after more basic needs, such as for the body and the ego, have been fulfilled, and is recognised in psychological teaching as the peak of human needs. Maslow later added the category self-transcendence (which, strictly speaking, extends beyond one's own "needs").

future event or consequence that is considered or anticipated to be the most likely to happen

Morale ( , ) is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship. Morale is often referenced by authority figures as a generic value judgment of the willpower, obedience, and self-discipline of a group tasked with performing duties assigned by a superior. According to Alexander H. Leighton, "morale is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose". With good morale, a force will be less likely to give up or surrender. Deliberately attempting to red

thumb | right In psychology, self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals. The concept was originally proposed by the psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977.

term used in Japan to describe men who have no interest in getting married or finding a girlfriend

Boldness is the opposite of shyness. To be bold implies a willingness to get things done despite risks.

emotional state of low tension and an absence of arousal from sources such as anger, anxiety, or fear

informal educational system used by Scouts

concept in epistemology referring to the mental state held by an agent toward a proposition

thumb|Marianismo derives from Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic and Hispanic American beliefs about Mary, mother of Jesus, providing a supposed ideal of true [[femininity as the "absolute role model" for adult and young Hispanic/Latina women.]]

explanation of how an attitude or belief can be protected against influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease

Deference (also called submission or passivity) is the condition of submitting to the espoused, legitimate influence of one's superior or superiors. Deference implies a yielding or submitting to the judgment of a recognized superior, out of respect or reverence. Deference has been studied extensively by political scientists, sociologists, and psychologists.

the measure of the stability of an individual's emotional state, which is essential for maintaining the emotional health

popular psychology

Self-enhancement is a type of motivation that works to make people feel good about themselves and to maintain self-esteem. This motive becomes especially prominent in situations of threat, failure or blows to one's self-esteem. Self-enhancement involves a preference for positive over negative self-views. It is one of the three self-evaluation motives along with self-assessment (the drive for an accurate self-concept) and self-verification (the drive for a self-concept congruent with one's identity). Self-evaluation motives drive the process of self-regulation, that is, how people control and d

thumb|309x309px|Cyclical depiction of reinforcement in self-handicapping Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance.

Preparedness is a set of actions that are taken as precautionary measures in the face of potential disasters. Being prepared helps in achieving goals and in avoiding and mitigating negative outcomes.

view on the purpose of philosophy

theory that associated beliefs may change due to compliance, identification, and internalization processes

Self-report questionnaire

a theory that asserts people want to be known according to their beliefs about themselves