Psychological theories

A need is a deficiency at a point of time and in a given context. Needs are distinguished from wants. In the case of a need, a deficiency causes a clear adverse outcome: a dysfunction or death. In other words, a need is something required for a safe, stable and healthy life (e.g. air, water, food, land, shelter) while a want is a desire, wish or aspiration. When needs or wants are backed by purchasing power, they have the potential to become economic demands.

Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of heredity in determining behavior, deriving from Skinner's two levels of selection (phylogeny and ontogeny), they focus primarily o

French neurologist (1825–1893)

psychological theory

physiological reaction to a perceived threat or harmful event

series of emotional stages experienced when faced with impending death or death of someone

ability to cope with a life crisis, adapt in the face of stressors, or to adjust and return to pre-crisis status

ability to attribute mental states

thumb|upright=1.3|A 1921 cartoon representation of a person's self-image compared to their reality.

theory in behavioral science, politics, and behavioral economics

Associationism is the idea that mental processes operate by the association of one mental state with its successor states. It holds that all mental processes are made up of discrete psychological elements and their combinations, which are believed to be made up of sensations or simple feelings. In philosophy, this idea is viewed as the outcome of empiricism and sensationism. The concept encompasses a psychological theory as well as comprehensive philosophical foundation and scientific methodology.

psychological trait/personality type

term in Jungian psychology

thumb|upright|Agreeable Burden () (William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1895) Agreeableness is the personality trait of being kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, honest, straightforward, and considerate. In personality psychology, agreeableness is one of the five major dimensions of personality structure, reflecting individual differences in cooperation. People who score high on measures of agreeableness are empathetic and self-sacrificing, while those with low agreeableness are prone to selfishness, insincerity, and zero-sum thinking. Those who score low on agreeableness may show dark triad tendenci

psychological theory by Robert Sternberg

alternative therapeutic method

right|240px|thumb|''Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss'', by [[Antonio Canova, first version 1787–1793]]

theoretical psychological framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s

qualitative research methodology

social psychology theory about intergroup behavior based on perceived group status differences, perceived legitimacy and stability of status differences, and perceived mobility between groups

conceptual frameworks in which knowledge is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning

approach to the study of human personality

view that certain skills or abilities are "native" or hard-wired into the brain at birth

process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events

mode of graded categorization in cognitive science

thought or behavior pattern that organizes information (psychology & cognitive science)

taxonomy to categorize human physiques

theory in developmental psychology about how human development is shaped by interactions between individuals and layered social systems, highlighting active roles and contextual influences

theory in Psychology

social-science theory for understanding human activities as systemic and socially situated phenomena based on research by Sergei Rubinstein in the 1930s

thumb|right|The design of tea cups and a teapot suggest their respective functions. thumb|right|A door knob shaped to reflect how it is used, is an example of a perceivable affordance. thumb|right|Affordance is one of several design principles used when designing graphical user interfaces.

theory in psychoanalytic psychology

psychological philosophy that considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person's environment

school of psychology

Cyberpsychology (also known as Internet psychology, web psychology, or digital psychology) is a scientific inter-disciplinary domain that focuses on the psychological phenomena which emerge as a result of the human interaction with digital technology, particularly the Internet.'''''' Cyberpsychology is a field that explores the psychological phenomena associated with cyberspace which includes study of human behaviour, emotions in online environments like social media, virtual reality and many more gaming platforms. Cyberpsychology also interacts with the areas like neuroscience, sociology and

social and evolutionary psychology theory

branch of psychology

psychological theory

situational predicament in which people feel at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group

theory of organizational decison-making

theory

sequence in which children are born into a family

psychological theory regarding individuals on the autism spectrum

economics concept

psychological theory which examines patterns of interaction between the individual and the environment

in psychology, a theory that links one's beliefs and behavior

hypothesis in psychology

condition in which one person feels an overwhelming obsessive desire to possess and protect another person toward whom one feels a strong attraction, with an inability to accept failure or rejection

French physician and neurologist (1840-1919)

theory of attitude change

theory of personality organization developed by Sigmund Freud

social psychological theory intended to explain the origins of and variation in human moral reasoning on the basis of innate, modular foundations

psychotherapist (1823–1904)

Psyschological theory

disability metaphor

psychological theory

Buddhism, Mindfulness and Psychology

hypothesis that facial movement can influence emotional experience

model of memory proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin

a psychological principle; champions trial and error as root of learning