Public commons

American political economist (1933-2012)

self-interests causing depletion of a shared resource

what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community

Enclosure or inclosure is a term, used in English landownership, that refers to the appropriation of "waste" or "common land", enclosing it, and by doing so depriving commoners of their traditional rights of access and usage. Agreements to enclose land could be either through a formal or informal process. The process could normally be accomplished in three ways. First there was the creation of "closes", taken out of larger common fields by their owners. Secondly, there was enclosure by proprietors, owners who acted together, usually small farmers or squires, leading to the enclosure of whole p

thumb|Sheep grazing on common pasture, a stereotypical environmental commons, at Castlemorton The commons are the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons can also be understood as natural resources that groups of people (communities, user groups) manage for individual and collective benefit. Characteristically, this involves a variety of informal norms and values (social practice) employed for a governance mechan

establishment acting as a library where toys are loaned

phrase from economics

term

coordinated participants who interact to create a product or service

document granting rights to certain people, written in 1217

information, data, and content that is collectively owned and managed by a community of users

consortium of libraries and other organizations established to coordinate efforts to preserve internet content

type of educational facility

model of local production based on open design and open-source principles, in a collaborative and distributed manner

lending library for tools

American activist

cultural and economic assets that exist in digital form and are part of the knowledge commons; digital resource managed and governed by a community of producers and users according to jointly-developed governance rules

term used for international commons in political economic theory