Public economics

Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to transitioning something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when a heavily regulated private company or industry becomes less regulated. Government functions and services may also be privatised (which may also be known as "franchising" or "out-sourcing"); in this case, private entities are tasked with the implementation of government programs or performance of government services that had previously been the

means-oriented social benefit

public part of the economy

principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues

good that is non-excludable and non-rival

thumb|Air pollution from [[motor vehicles is an example of a negative externality. The costs of the air pollution for the rest of society is not compensated for by either the producers or users of motorized transport.]]

government service or private business venture which is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more private sector companies

Ecosia (derived from "eco" and "utopia") is a non-profit tech organisation based in Berlin, Germany. It runs its namesake internet search engine, which launched on 7 December 2009 to coincide with UN climate talks in Copenhagen. More recently the organisation has launched additional products such as a namesake web browser.

economic theory applied to political science

purchases made by the government

thumb|250px|As a result of deregulation of telecommunications in New Zealand, France Télécom (now Orange S.A.|Orange) operated phone booths in [[Wellington and across New Zealand in the 2000s.]] Deregulation is the process of removing or reducing state regulations, typically in the economic sphere. It is the repeal of governmental regulation of the economy. It became common in advanced industrial economies in the 1970s and 1980s, as a result of new trends in economic thinking about the inefficiencies of government regulation, and the risk that regulatory agencies would be controlled by the reg

broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and constructed by the government

study of government economic and fiscal policy

operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed; implies openness, communication, and accountability

transfer of income and of wealth from some individuals to others

concept of labor rights that individuals in the same workplace be given equal pay

economic inefficiency caused by a government intervention, if the inefficiency would not exist in a true free market

subset of state property for use of the public

economic phenomenon when increased government involvement in an economic sector affects the remainder of the market

academic discipline

factor in economics

Economic theory

economic occurence

type of for-profit entity

economic theory

thumb|upright=1.35|Primary barriers to municipalization Municipalization is the transfer of private entities, assets, service providers, or corporations to public ownership by a municipality, including (but not limited to) a city, county, or public utility district ownership. The transfer may be from private ownership (usually by purchase) or from other levels of government. It is the opposite of privatization and is different from nationalization. The term municipalization largely refers to the transfer of ownership of utilities from Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) to public ownership, and op

public goods in the form of software, data sets, AI models, standards or content based on digital public infrastructure

Polizeiwissenschaft (, literally "Police science", though "Polizei" may in this case be better translated as "Public Policy" or "Politics" in a broad sense) was a discipline born in the first third of the 18th century which lasted until the middle of the 19th century.

company owned and operated by a municipality

opposition to austerity measures, especially in Europe

database of wealth and income distribution

public institution of social security

Reprivatization refers to the process of restoring properties seized or otherwise nationalized from privately held owners by a government to privately held status. This may include returning seized property or compensating uncompensated former owners, or reprivatizing state held enterprises to new owners, especially banks, which were privately founded but came under state control due to economic crisis or other factors. The latter scenario is sometimes referred to as privatization, though scholars have specifically referred to the sale of nationalized Mexican and Korean banks to private shareh

macroeconomic relationship between defense spending and civilian welfare

term

rate used for discounting future benefits or costs to society

government work relief programmes

Quasi-markets are markets which can be supervised and organisationally designed that are intended to create greater desire and more efficiency in comparison to conventional delivery systems, while supporting more accessibility, stability and impartiality than traditional markets. Quasi-markets also can be referred to as internal or planned markets.

direct transfer payment of money to an eligible person

Field of study

journal