Quran

The Quran (, ), also romanized '''Qur'an or Koran', is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allāh). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses (''). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language.

Tafsir ( ; ) refers to an exegesis, or commentary, of the Quran. An author of a tafsir is a '''''''' (; plural: ). A Quranic tafsir'' attempts to provide education, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding and conviction of God's will in Islam. The idea of the interpretation of the Quran first appears in the Quran itself, commenting on cases where it is clear and others where it is ambiguous (3:7).

night journey undertaken by Muhammad in Jerusalem

library

The mysterious letters (muqaṭṭaʿāt, ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt, "disjoined letters" or "disconnected letters") are combinations of between one and five Arabic letters that appear at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters (surahs) of the Quran just after the Bismillāh Islamic phrase. The letters are also known as fawātiḥ () or "openers" as they form the opening verse of their respective surahs.

aspect of history

Indian-British barrister (1872-1953)

thumb|Mushaf al-Tajwid, printed with colored letters to facilitate reading the Quran with [[tajwid.]]

thumb|right|300px|Map of the Mihna and events associated with itThe Mihna () was a period of religious persecution instituted by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 in which Sunni scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed unless they conformed to Mu'tazilite doctrine. The policy lasted for eighteen years (833–851) as it continued through the reigns of al-Ma'mun's immediate successors, al-Mu'tasim and al-Wathiq, and four years of al-Mutawakkil who reversed it in 851.

thumb|250px|A page of the Quran,16th century: "They would never produce its like not though they backed one another" written at the center. In Islam, ’i‘jāz () or ’Mujiza’() is the Arabic word for miracle or inimitability challenge of the Quran, the doctrine which holds that the Quran has a miraculous quality, both in content and in form, that no human speech can match. According to this doctrine the Quran is a miracle and its inimitability is the proof granted to Muhammad (The Prophet of Islam) in authentication of his prophetic status. It serves the dual purpose of proving the authenticity

Saudi publisher

criticism of Islam's holy book

thumb|The end of Thaalibia Quran printed in Warsh's narration. '''Abu Sa'id Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qebṭi, better known as Warsh' (110-197AH), was a significant figure in the history of Quranic recitation (qira'at''), the canonical methods of reciting the Qur'an. Alongside Qalun, he was one of the two primary transmitters of the canonical reading method of Nafi‘ al-Madani. Together, their style is the most common form of Qur'anic recitation in the generality of African mosques outside of Egypt, and is also popular in Yemen and Darfur despite the rest of Sudan following the method of Hafs. The meth

collection of quran by Ali ibn abi Talib

Quran collected by Uthman Ibn Affan

Discussion about violence and fighting in some verses in the Qoran

doctrine that the Qur’an was created, rather than having always existed; significant point of contention in early Islam

aspect of Islam

mentions of Muhammad in the Quran

early 20th-century version of the Qur'an

alleged hidden pattern in the Quranic text based on the number 19

in a legal sense and in a divine sense

museum in Central Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

academic

Tanzīl (), inzāl (), and nuzūl (), and other words based on the Arabic triconsonantal root (, 'downward movement'), refers to the Islamic belief in the descent of God's message from heaven to Earth as speech, and sometimes visual, revelations to the Islamic prophet Muhammad with Gabriel as the conveyor, and occasionally God Himself.

house of the medina of Sfax

Shia interpretations of the Quran as referring to Ali

Primary sources of islamic communication text

quran Mus'haf written by calligrapher Uthman Taha