Raman spectroscopy

spectroscopic technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system

difference between positions of the band maxima of the absorption and emission spectra of the same electronic transition

a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures such as plasmonic-magnetic silica nanotubes

Raman spectrometer using an UV laser to determine fine-scale mineralogy and detect organic compounds