Real property law

A fief (; ) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of feudal allegiance, services or payments. The fees were often lands, land revenue or revenue-producing real property like a watermill, held in feudal land tenure: these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including governmental office, rights of exploitation such as hunting, fishing or felling tre

thumb|upright|The international squatters' symbol Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building (usually residential) that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. Squatting typically occurs when people find empty buildings or land to occupy for housing.

Primogeniture () is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

power of a state or a national government to take private property for public use

right|thumb|300px|An example of a charter (Magna Carta). A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

thumb|Blue Condominium on the [[Lower East Side of Manhattan]]

tax on property, particularly real estate

A deed is a legal document that is signed and delivered, especially concerning the ownership of property or legal rights. Specifically, in common law, a deed is any legal instrument in writing which passes, affirms or confirms an interest, right, or property and that is signed, attested, delivered, and in some jurisdictions, sealed. It is commonly associated with transferring (conveyancing) title to property. The deed has a greater presumption of validity and is less rebuttable than an instrument signed by the party to the deed. A deed can be unilateral or bilateral. Deeds include conveyances,

value of a person's assets minus their liabilities

acquisition by squatting or keeping so long that ownership is presumed to be legal

The pronoia (; , meaning "care", "forethought" or "providence," from 'before' and 'mind') was a system of granting dedicated streams of state income to individuals and institutions in the late Byzantine Empire. Beginning in the 11th century and continuing until the empire's fall in the 15th century, the system differed in significant ways from European feudalism of the same period.

'''''' (Greek, 'implanting') or emphyteutic lease is a contract for land that allows the holder the right to the enjoyment of a property, often in perpetuity, on condition of proper care, payment of tax, and rent. This type of real estate contract specifies that the lessee must improve the property for the nation or for its population, for example through construction of a railway service perhaps or by farming the land to create produce, as happened in Mauritius where the population was starving. The term is commonly used in Quebec, Belgium and France and its ex-colonies. This kind of lease is

thumb|upright=1.35|Powerful landlord in chariot, Eastern Han 25–220 CE. [[Hebei, China]]

legal term; property consisting of land and the buildings on it

thumb|House in Salinas, California, under foreclosure, following the bursting of the [[2000s United States housing bubble.]]

An escrow is a contractual arrangement in which a third party (the stakeholder or escrow agent) receives and disburses money or property for the primary transacting parties, with the disbursement dependent on conditions agreed to by the transacting parties. Examples include an account established by a broker for holding funds on behalf of the broker's principal or some other person until the consummation or termination of a transaction; or, a trust account held in the borrower's name to pay obligations such as property taxes and insurance premiums. The word derives from the Old French word , m

thumb|400px|Scroll from Säckingen Abbey from 1310, written in [[Middle High German.]] An urbarium (, English: urbarium, also rental or rent-roll, , , , ), is a register of fief ownership and includes the rights and benefits that the fief holder has over his serfs and peasants. It is an important economic and legal source of medieval and early modern feudalism.

Superficies is a Latin legal term referring to anything which is placed upon and attached to the ground, and most commonly refers to a building erected on land owned by another.

Trespass is an area of tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person (see below), trespass to chattels, and trespass to land.

ratio of a building's total floor area to the size of the plot

thumb|Agnatic ultimogeniture diagram. The grey square is the current holder of the property, the black squares are deceased, the numbers indicate his potential successors in order of succession as things stand. Ultimogeniture, also known as postremogeniture or junior right, is the tradition of inheritance by the last-born of a privileged position in a parent's wealth or office. The tradition has been far rarer historically than primogeniture (sole inheritance by the first-born) or partible inheritance (division of the estate among the children).

ownership of a temporary right to hold land or property

Antichresis, under civil law and Roman law, is a contract whereby a debtor pledges (i.e., conveys possession of but not title to) real property to a creditor, allowing the use and occupation of the pledged property, in lieu of interest on the loan.

Escheat () is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state. It serves to ensure that property is not left in "limbo" without recognized ownership. It originally applied to a number of situations where a legal interest in land was destroyed by operation of law, so that the ownership of the land reverted to the immediately superior feudal lord.

contract used in renting

ownership of property by two or more individuals

In common law jurisdictions, probate is the judicial process whereby a will is "proved" in a court of law and accepted as a valid public document that is the true last testament of the deceased; or whereby, in the absence of a legal will, the estate is settled according to the laws of intestacy that apply in the jurisdiction where the deceased resided at the time of their death.

rent for the ground where a tenant can do property development

legal regime in which land is owned by an individual, who is said to "hold" the land

form of trust in English common law

step-like recession in a wall

sum of money held as security for an agreement

Gavelkind () was a system of land tenure chiefly associated with the Celtic law in Ireland and Wales and with the legal traditions of the English county of Kent.

method of protest commonly employed against large landlords

system of land registration

form of easement in English law

Anti-Communism statute passed in Quebec, 1937

property rights to exploit an area for the minerals

Property ownership for tax and profit

Legal doctrine

ownership of land for the duration of a person's life

Habitability is the adequacy of an environment for human living. Where housing is concerned, there are generally local ordinances which define habitability. If a residence complies with those laws, it is said to be habitable. In extreme environments, such as space exploration, habitability must take into account psychological and social stressors, due to the harsh nature of the environment.

legal limit of an immovable real estate property

land titles under the Ottoman Empire

land owned by a national, subnational, or local government

in property law, the transfer of ownership of a thing from one person to another

In law, conveyancing is the transfer of legal title of real property from one person to another, or the granting of an encumbrance such as a mortgage or a lien. A typical conveyancing transaction has two major phases: the exchange of contracts (when equitable interests are created) and completion (also called settlement, when legal title passes and equitable rights merge with the legal title). The electronic execution of conveyancing processes and documents is known as e-conveyancing.

areas in a residential building or zone (such as an apartment building) shared by all residents

ownership of land under the Palestinian National Authority

gift of real estate – land or its use privileges – made by a government or other authority

ownership of land or arable land

In English law, subinfeudation is the practice by which tenants, holding land under the king or other superior lord, carved out new and distinct tenures in their turn by sub-letting or alienating a part of their lands.

communally owned indigenous land