Rebellions against the Umayyad Caliphate

Umayyad provincial governor (672–720)

The Mardaites (; ) or al-Jarajima (; /ALA-LC: Jarājimah) were early Christians following Chalcedonian Christianity in the Nur Mountains. Little is known about their ethnicity, but it has been speculated that they might have been Persians (see, for a purely linguistic hypothesis, the Amardi, located south of the Caspian Sea in classical times) with other theories placing them as Armenians or even Greeks native to the Levant. Their other Arabic name, al-Jarājimah, suggests that some were natives of the town Jurjum in Cilicia; the word marada in Arabic is the plural of mared, which could mean a g

Umayyad Arab nobleman and military commander (died 704)

son of Zayd ibn Ali

Head of Kharijite state from 685 to 691/692

Alid leader of a rebellion against the Umayyads (died c.747)

Arab rebel leader in Khurasan (died 746)

7th-century pro-Alid movement

Father of Death

Hasan ibn Zayd’ūl-Alavî

leader of Kharijite rebellion in Iraq (died 746)

Self-proclaimed prophet

Ibadi Kharijite rebel leader of the late Umayyad era

leader of Kharijite rebellion in central Iraq (died 697/8)

Quietist Kharijite leader