Refractory materials

thumbGraphite () is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's

chemical compound

chemical compound

Zircon () is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is ZrSiO4. An empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr1–y, REEy)(SiO4)1–x(OH)4x–y. Zircon precipitates from silicate melts and has relatively high concentrations of high field strength incompatible elements. For example, hafnium is almost always present in quantities ranging from 1 to 4%. The crystal structure of zircon is tetragonal crystal system. The natural color of zirc

allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure

chemical compound naturally occurring as periclase

chemical compound

Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. The element magnesium can substitute for iron in variable amounts as it forms a solid solution with magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4). Substitution of the element aluminium can also occur, leading to hercynite (FeAl2O4). Chromite today is mined particularly to make stainless steel through the production of ferrochrome (FeCr), which is an iron-chromium alloy.

thumb|Refractory bricks in a Ladle transfer car|torpedo car used for hauling molten iron

chemical compound

material

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear

type of ceramic

chemical compound

chemical compound

range of refractory clays used in the manufacture of ceramics

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

block of ceramic material used in lining furnaces, kilns, fireboxes, and fireplaces

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

advanced material surface

Carbon fiber-graphite composite

Panguite is a type of titanium oxide mineral first discovered as an inclusion within the Allende meteorite, and first described in 2012.

chemical compound

A ceramic with room temperature stable cubic crystal structure

Tantalcarbide is a rare mineral of tantalum carbide with formula TaC. With a molecular weight of 192.96 g/mol, its primary constituents are tantalum (93.78%) and carbon (6.22%), and has an isometric crystal system. It generally exhibits a bronze or brown to yellow color. On the Mohs hardness scale it registers as a 6–7. Tantalcarbide is generally found in a granular state. It is extremely dense at 14.6 g/cm^3. Sub-conchoidal fracturing is exhibited.

man-made compound from carbon

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound