Religious exonyms

Kāfir (; ) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin used by Muslims to refer to non-Muslims who deny the God in Islam, reject his authority, and do not accept the message of Islam as truth.

Gentile () is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish. Other groups that also claim Israelite heritage, notably Mormons, have historically used the term gentile to describe outsiders. More rarely, the term is used as a synonym for pagan. As a term used to describe non-members of a religious/ethnic group, gentile is sometimes compared to other words used to describe the "outgroup" in other cultures (see List of terms for ethnic out-groups).

Mleccha () is a Sanskrit term referring to those of an incomprehensible speech, foreigners or invaders deemed distinct and separate from the Vedic tribes. In Vedic Brahmanical discourse, the term is used to refer to foreigners (anārya-s) who were considered outside the realms of Vedic dharma.

thumb|Théodore Géricault: The Giaour (1820, lithograph; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)]] thumb|Eugène Delacroix: The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan (1826, oil on canvas; [[Art Institute of Chicago), inspired by Lord Byron's The Giaour]]