Roman client kingdoms

Numidia () was the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa, initially comprising the northern part of what is now Algeria,Tunisia and Libya. The polity was originally divided between the Massylii state in the east, with its capital at Cirta, and the Masaesyli state in the west, with its capital at Siga. During the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), Masinissa, king of the Massylii, defeated Syphax of the Masaesyli to unify Numidia into the first unified Berber state for Numidians in North Africa. Initially a sovereign state and an ally of Rome, the kingdom later alternated between bein

ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli

c. 1070 BCE – c. CE 350 / kingdom in Nubia (modern-day Sudan), northeast Africa

historical state in the Caucasus region

The Ghassanids, also known as the Jafnids, were an Arab Christian tribal confederation that migrated from South Arabia to the Levant in the 3rd century AD. There, they became clients of the Roman Empire, serving as foederati responsible for defending the eastern frontier of the empire against Bedouin raids and rival powers.

Greco-Scythian state near Sea of Azov (c.438 BC–c.527 AD)

Mauretania (; ) is the Latin name for a region in the ancient Maghreb. It extended from central present-day Algeria to the Atlantic, encompassing northern present-day Morocco, and from the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlas Mountains. Its native inhabitants, of Berber ancestry, were known to the Romans as the Mauri and the Masaesyli.

Osroene or Osrhoene (; ) was an ancient kingdom and region in Upper Mesopotamia. The Kingdom of Osroene, also known as the "Kingdom of Edessa" ( / "Kingdom of Urhay"), according to the name of its capital city (now Şanlıurfa, Turkey), existed from the 2nd century BC up to the 3rd century AD, and was ruled by the Nabataean Arab Abgarid dynasty. They were generally allied with the Parthians.

Hellenistic-era kingdom centred in northern Anatolia (281 BC-62 AD)

historical Anatolian region

The Decapolis (Greek: ) was a group of ten Greek Hellenistic cities on the eastern frontier of the Greek and late Roman Empire in the Southern Levant in the first centuries BC and AD. Most of the cities were located to the east of the Jordan Rift Valley, between Judaea, Iturea, Nabataea, and Syria.

ancient Arab Kingdom (3rd century BC - 106 AD)

union of Thracian tribes and kingdoms (5th century BC to 1st century AD)

Roman province

The Kingdom of Lazica (; ; ), sometimes called Lazian Empire, was a state in the territory of west Georgia in the Roman period, from about the 1st century BC. Created as a result of the collapse of the kingdom of Colchis and the gaining of independence by the tribal-territorial units included in it in 131 AD.

client state of the Roman Republic from 37 BCE, when Herod the Great was appointed "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate

Iranian kingdom in Asia Minor (331 BC-17 AD)

third dynasty of the Bosporan kingdom (1st to 4th-century)

Antzitene or Anzitene (, ) was a region of the medieval Armenia c. 300–1000, known in Armenian as Hanzith and in Syriac as Hanzit. Today it lies in Turkey.

The Salīḥids (), also known simply as Salīḥ or by their royal house, the Zokomids (Arabic: Ḍajaʿima) were the dominant Arab foederati of the Byzantine Empire in the 5th century. They succeeded the Tanukhids, who were dominant in the 4th century, and were in turn defeated and replaced by the Ghassanids in the early 6th century.