Roman consuls

political office in ancient Rome

thumb|Scipio Africanus, one of Rome's greatest commanders, was a proconsul during the [[Second Punic War. He was one of the few proconsuls who did not first serve as consul.]] A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority. In the Roman Republic, military command, or imperium, could be exercised constitutionally only by a consul. Only two consuls served at a time, each elected to a one-year term. They could not normally serve two terms in a row

Consularis is a Latin adjective indicating something pertaining to the position or rank of consul. In Ancient Rome it was also used as a noun (plural consulares) to designate those senators who had held the office of consul or attained consular rank as a special honour. In Late Antiquity, the title became also a gubernatorial rank for provincial governors.

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politician, consul 302 BCE

fragmentary calendar or fasti from Ostia

' (; : , ) and the variant ' (; ) was a Byzantine court dignity, originally the Greek translation of Latin (the literal meaning of is 'the supreme one', which reflects the office, but not the etymology of ). The dignity arose from the honorary consulships awarded in the late Roman Empire, and survived until the early 12th century. It was often conferred upon the rulers of the south Italian principalities. In Italian documents the term was sometimes Latinised as or , and in Italian historiography one finds . The feminine form of the term was '''' ().