Roman Republic (18th century)

Pope of the Catholic Church from 1775 to 1799

Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dramatic play, La Tosca, is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder, and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias.

Marshal and Vice-Constable of France (1753-1815)

Marshal of France (1765-1840)

republic at Italy between 1798–1799

French general (1762-1800)

Italian classical archaeologist (1751-1818)