Royal titles

alt=|thumb|341x341px|Charlemagne or Charles the Great (748–814) was [[King of the Franks, King of the Lombards, and the first Holy Roman Emperor. Due to his military accomplishments and conquests, he has been called the "Father of Europe".]]

The Pharaoh was the monarch of ancient Egypt. The title came into use from the Eighteenth Dynasty onwards and was subsequently attributed to all the previous kings of Egypt. Before this Pharaoh was a term that meant more of the kings' administration. The earliest confirmed instance of the title used contemporaneously for a ruler is a letter to Akhenaten (reigned –1336 BCE), possibly preceded by an inscription referring to Thutmose III (–1425 BCE). Although the title only came into use in the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom, scholars today use it for all the rulers of Egypt from the F

thumb|Suleiman the Magnificent, the longest-reigning [[sultan of the Ottoman Empire|281x281px]]

thumb|The French prince du sang Louis II de Bourbon with his son. He was a great warrior and a rebel. He triumphed at the [[battle of Rocroi against the Habsburgs and saved the kingdom of his cousin Louis XIV, then four years old. This forged his legendary status and the beginning of the reversal of the balance of power in Europe. The day after Rocroi's victory, he became the new Alexander. The prince's center of gravity was transferred from Paris to Chantilly where he indulged his passions and cultivated a court life, in a sort of anti-Versailles. Under his impetus and the king's first archit

ruler in Mongol and Turkic cultures, variously describing kings, princes, and governors

thumb|upright|right|Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who ruled Iran from 1941 to 1979, was the last king to hold the title of shah before the Iranian monarchy was abolished by the [[Iranian Revolution.]]

thumb|The court of the Durrani Empire|Durrani Emirate of [[Afghanistan (James Rattray, 1839)]] Emir (; ' (), also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch

thumb|Uyghurs|Uyghur General [[Khojis (d. 1781), bey of Turfan, who later settled in Beijing; painting by a European Jesuit artist at the Chinese court in 1775]] Bey, also spelled as Baig, Bayg, Beigh, Beig, Bek, Baeg, Begh, or Beg, is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and a royal, aristocratic title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Europe, and the Middle East, such as the Ottomans, Timurids or the various khanates and emi

{| class="wikitable wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse" |style="background: #cbe; min-width:18.5em" colspan=2 align="center"|Khagan |- ! colspan="2" |Rouran |- | Brahmi Script:|| |- | Transliteration:|| Kagan |- | Transcription (Vovin):|| |- ! colspan="2" |Mongolian |- | Mongolian Script:|| |- | ʼPhags-pa script:|| |- | Transliteration:|| Qagan, Xagan |- | Cyrillic script:|| Хаан / Хаган |- | Transliteration:|| Khaan / Khagan |- ! colspan="2"|Yeniseian |- | Latin alphabet:|| Qaγan |- ! colspan="2" |Arabic |- |Arabic script: |خاقان |- |Transliteration: |Khaqan |- ! colspan="2" |Hindustan

thumb|Archducal hat, the coronet of the [[Archduchy of Austria kept in the treasury of Klosterneuburg Abbey]]

male heir apparent to a throne

head of state and elective constitutional monarch of Malaysia

imperial and or royal title

thumb|upright|alt=A stone face carved with coloured hieroglyphics. Two cartouches - ovoid shapes with hieroglyphics inside - are visible at the bottom.|Birth and throne cartouches of Pharaoh Seti I, from [[KV17 at the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. Neues Museum, Berlin.]]

title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France

thumb|Princess of Sweden|Princess Sigrid Vasa of Sweden (1566–1633)|299x299px

ruling title used by certain historical monarchs

Basileus () is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs throughout history. In the English-speaking world, it is perhaps most widely understood to mean , referring to either a or an . The title was used by sovereigns and other persons of authority in ancient Greece (especially during the Hellenistic period), the Byzantine emperors, and the kings of modern Greece. The name Basileios (Basil), deriving from the term basileus, is a common given name in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Syriac Orthodox Church for the Maphrian.

thumb|Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam|Tekle Haymanot, negus of [[Gojjam]] Negus is the word for "king" in the Ethiopian Semitic languages and a title which was usually bestowed upon a regional ruler by the Negusa Nagast, or "King of Kings," in pre-1974 Ethiopia. The negus is referred to as Al-Najashi (النجاشي) in the Islamic tradition.

Emperor of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu)

imperial and or royal title

wife of a reigning king

Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the Western title of Emperor. In earlier times the title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to the Mughal Empire, and then it was became a Royal title like Sultan or Emperor for example the Nawabs of Bengal. Various Nawabs were permitted to maintain this title under the suzerainty of the Maratha Empire.

Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a khan or a khagan.

head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan

thumb|upright|Usual Crown (heraldry) of a Fürst in Crown (heraldry)#German-speaking countries|German-speaking countries

female monarch who rules a country in her own right

400px|thumb|right|The entry for 827 (sic#recte|recte 829) in manuscript C of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which lists the eight bretwaldas (shown as bretenanwealda in this manuscript) Bretwalda is an Old English word meaning 'ruler of Britain'. It is only recorded in the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for the year 829. It is given to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the 5th century onwards who had achieved overlordship of some or all of the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

Noble title customarily awarded by British monarchs to their eldest daughters

thumb|Reconstruction of a Xiongnu chief warrior, 2nd century BC – 1st century AD, by archaeologist [[A.N. Podushkin. Central State Museum of Kazakhstan.]] Chanyu () or Shanyu (), short for Chengli Gutu Chanyu (), was the title used by the supreme rulers of Inner Asian nomads for eight centuries until superseded by the title "Khagan" in 402 AD. The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). It was later also used infrequently by the Chinese as a reference to Tujue leaders.

Princeps (plural: Principes) is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first person". As a title, Princeps originated in the Roman Republic wherein the leading member of the Senate was designated princeps senatus. It is primarily associated with the Roman emperors as an unofficial title first adopted by Augustus () in 27 BC. Its use in this context continued until the regime of Diocletian (r. 284–305) at the end of the third century. He preferred the title of dominus, meaning "lord" or "master". As a result, the

thumb|17th-century depiction of tlahtoāni Nezahualpiltzintli of Texcoco from the [[Codex Ixtlilxochitl.]]

title sometimes granted to a queen who is the mother of a reigning king or queen

thumb|Page from a Rosh Hashanah prayerbook with Hebrew (melekh) in large red text. Malik (; ; ; variously Romanized Mallik, Melik, Malka, Malek, Maleek, Malick, Mallick, Melekh) is the Semitic term translating to "king", recorded in East Semitic and Arabic, and as M-L-K in Northwest Semitic during the Late Bronze Age (e.g. Aramaic, Canaanite, Hebrew).

rank of a high nobleman or prince

thumb|Begum Malika-uz-Zamani, wife of the [[Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.]]

thumb|Detail of the Sumerian statue of Lugal-dalu, King of Adab – as stated in the inscription of circa mid-3rd millennium BC, inscription including the Sumerian cuneiform sign of '''' (Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man". In Sumerian, lú "𒇽" is "man" and gal'' "𒃲" is "great", or "big".

The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: , , Arabic: sāmuri, Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to the forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam (

imperial title used in China and Vietnam, initially for the king but later for the crown prince

thumb|320px|Günther von Schwarzburg, antiking to [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1349, Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493]]

Chhatrapati is a royal title from Sanskrit used to denote a king. The word "Chhatrapati" is a Sanskrit language compound word of chhatra (parasol or umbrella) and pati (master/lord/ruler).

title or status generally held by the widow of a king

250px|thumb|right|A pre-colonial couple belonging to the datu or nobility as depicted in the Boxer Codex of the 16th century. Datu is a title which denotes the rulers (variously described in historical accounts as chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs) of numerous indigenous peoples throughout the Philippine archipelago. The title is still used today, though not as much as early Philippine history. It is a cognate of datuk, dato, and ratu in several other Austronesian languages.

Khanum is a female royal and aristocratic title that was originally derived through a Central Asian title, and later used in the Middle East and South Asia. It is the feminine equivalent of the title Khan for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turkic peoples living in Asia and Europe and also Mongol tribes living north and northwest of modern-day China. In the construction of words in the Turkic languages, the suffix "-um or -ım" adds "my". This means the word "Khanum" can be transliterated as "my Khan". This arises from the tale, depicting a Khan announcing to his

Bourbonnier

right|thumb|Tsarina Marfa Apraxina of Russia, wife of Tsar Feodor III and [[Peter the Great's sister-in-law]] thumbnail|One of the young wives of Ivan the Terrible. Painting by Nikolai Nevrev, 19th century

title

thumb|Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat was referred to as the "rais"

ancient Mesopotamian title

the title of the king of the Kingdom of Buganda

thumb|Archaic inscription (, "to the king") on ceramic fragment, here shown upside down; a warrior bearing a spear and mounted on a horse is also depicted. ' (Greek: ; from earlier , ) is an ancient Greek word for "tribal chief, lord (military) leader". It is one of the two Greek titles traditionally translated as "king", the other being basileus, and is inherited from Mycenaean Greece. It is notably used in Homeric Greek, e.g. for Agamemnon. The feminine form is anassa''', "queen" (, from wánassa, itself from *wánakt-ja'').

Sahib or Saheb () is a term of address originating from Arabic (). As a loanword, Sahib has passed into several languages, including Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Tajik, Crimean Tatar, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pashto, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Rohingya and Somali. During medieval times, it was used either as an official title or an honorific. Now, in South and Central Asia, it is almost exclusively used to give respect to someone higher or lower. The honorific has largely been replaced with sir. In the Tibeto-Burman language of Mizo, it is shortened as sâp, ref

Semantic title used by certain historical monarchs

Gurkhan () was a Mongol title meaning "Universal Ruler" and roughly equivalent to the older term khagan. It was held by the rulers of the Western Liao dynasty in the 13th century. The title was first adopted by Yelü Dashi (Emperor Dezong of Western Liao) in 1132.

Uparaja is a noble title reserved for the viceroy in India and the Buddhist dynasties in Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, as well as some of their minor tributary kingdoms. It is ultimately from Sanskrit उपराज upa-rāja, equivalent to and respectively in Latin.

'''''' (Persian: اخشید; from , ) was the princely title of the Iranian rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley in Transoxiana during the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods. The title is of Iranian origin; scholars have derived it variously from the Old Iranian root , , or from , 'ruler, king' (which is also the origin of the title 'shah'). These Old Iranian terms are etymologically related to the Sanskrit word Kshatriya (literally meaning "ruler, authority"), the Hindu caste of warriors and princes.

thumb | right | alt=Hittite relief from Firaktin, copy in the Museum of Kayseri: Puduhepa and Hepat. | Hittite relief from Fıraktın relief|Firaktin, copy in the Museum of Kayseri: Puduhepa (right) and [[Ḫepat (left).]] Tawananna is the title for the queen of the Hittites, the king's consort, as long as she was living. Upon her death the title Tawananna passed to her daughter or the new king's consort, whichever was available to ascend. The Hittites were ruled by a theocratic monarchy, in which the king's heir's wife did not succeed as Tawananna until the death of the reigning Tawananna.

Kshatriya royal title