Sampling (statistics)

thumb|A census taker visits a family of indigenous Dutch Travellers living in a caravan in the [[Netherlands in 1925.]] A census (from Latin censere, 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating information about the members of a given population, which are then usually displayed through statistics. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include censuses of agriculture, traditional culture, business, supplies, and traffic censuses. The United Nations (UN) defines the essential features

hand game for two players

type of survey

in statistics and (including qualitative) research, a term for the selection of data points from a larger population

practice of throwing a coin in the air to choose between two alternatives

logical error of concentrating on the people or things that made it past some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of the latter's lack of visibility

statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in a survey's results

In governance, sortition is the selection of public officials or jurors at random, i.e., by lottery, in order to obtain a representative sample.

selection of individuals, groups or data for analysis such that proper randomization is not achieved

bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others

type of sampling

in statistics, error that occurs solely as a result of using a sample from a population, rather than the whole population

thumb|A kleroterion in the Ancient Agora Museum (Athens) thumb|A large kleroterion at the Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology in [[Reading, Berkshire]] A kleroterion () was a randomization device used by the Athenian polis during the period of democracy to select citizens to the boule, to most state offices, to the nomothetai, and to court juries.

probability distribution of a sample statistic

in statistics, anything that can be described and considered separately

act of choosing the number of observations to include in a statistical sample

type of cognitive bias

situation in which individuals select themselves into a group, causing a biased sample with nonprobability sampling

mechanical or electronic random number generator

hand game played between two people

worst tolerable process average in percentage or ratio that is still considered acceptable

method to determine tied elections

principle that variation can be better estimated with nonvarying repetition of conditions

random selection method

uses statistical sampling to determine whether to accept or reject a production lot of material

set of items or events from which members of a sample are selected

category of response bias common to survey research in which respondents have a tendency to select a positive response option or indicate a positive connotation disproportionately more frequently

statistics term; information at the level of individual respondents