Saqaliba

thumb|upright=1.3|The Rus trading slaves with the Khazars: Trade in the East Slavs|East Slavic Camp by Sergei Ivanov (1913). Many saqaliba slaves came from Europe to the Abbasid Caliphate by the Volga trade route from Eastern Europe via the Khazars and the Caspian Sea. thumb|Slavic and Black slaves in Córdoba; illustration from the Cantigas de Santa Maria thumb|Iron restraints, 11th or 12th century, from Neu Niekohr thumb|Hoard of Islamic silver coins (circa 820CE) discovered at [[Anklam, West Pomerania]] thumb|Slav, , Kraków. thumb|Grody czerwienskie (Czerwień Cities or Cherven Gords) szlaki

Muslim ruler of Taifa of Dénia 1014-1044

arabic general commander of al-Andalus

badajoz king

First emirs of the Taifa of Valencia

Jawdhar (, before 909March 973), surnamed al-Ustadh (), was a eunuch slave who served the Fatimid caliphs al-Qa'im, al-Mansur, and al-Mu'izz as chamberlain and de facto chief minister until his death. He was an extremely powerful figure in the Fatimid court, and was ranked immediately after the caliph and his designated heir. The accession of al-Mansur was probably due to Jawdhar's machinations, and he was placed in charge of keeping the new caliph's relatives under house arrest. He enjoyed close relations with the Kalbid emirs of Sicily, which enabled him to engage in profitable commerce with