Sculpture techniques

thumb|Dying Gaul, or The Capitoline Gaul, a Roman marble copy of a Hellenistic work of the late 3rd century BCE, [[Capitoline Museums, Rome]] thumb|upright=1|Assyrian sculpture|Assyrian [[lamassu gate guardian from Khorsabad, –721 BCE]] thumb|Michelangelo's Moses, (), [[San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, for the tomb of Pope Julius II]] thumb|Netsuke of tigress with two cubs, mid-19th-century Japan, ivory with shell inlay thumb|The Angel of the North by [[Antony Gormley, 1998]] thumb|The Litlington White Horse, a monumental work of stone sculpture created by exposing the underlying chalk bedrock. Sc

thumb|Side view of Lorenzo Ghiberti's cast [[gilt-bronze Gates of Paradise at the Florence Baptistery in Florence, Italy, combining high-relief main figures with backgrounds mostly in low relief.]] thumb|upright=1.2|A common mixture of high and low relief, in the Roman Ara Pacis, placed to be seen from below. Low relief background. thumb|upright=1.2|A face of the high-relief Frieze of Parnassus round the base of the [[Albert Memorial in London. Most of the heads and many feet are completely undercut, but the torsos are "engaged" with the surface behind.]]

Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.

thumb|Cast iron casting Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting materials are usually metals or various time setting materials that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to mak

building-like sculpture made with moist sand

process by which a duplicate sculpture (often metal) is cast from an original sculpture

pouring liquid metal into a mold

metalworking technique

sculpture that uses ice as the raw material

thumb|right|Schematic apparatus for electrotyping. An electric current flows from the battery, through the copper anode, the electrolyte, and the coated mold. A copper film (the electrotype) grows onto the electrically conducting coating of the mold.|alt=Line drawing.

installation rock art requiring skill

thumb|Dorodangos made with a variety of clay and different techniques thumb|A large dorodango ( diameter) is a Japanese art form in which soil and water are combined and moulded, then carefully polished to create a delicate shiny sphere.

thumb|250px|Donatello's Saint George Freeing the Princess of 1417, the first known stiacciato relief

sculpting technique

Art term

perceived surface quality of a work of art

sculpting tool

use of living trees to create structures and art

sculpture made of snow

method of plastic casting where a mold is filled with a liquid synthetic resin, which then hardens. It is primarily used for small-scale production like industrial prototypes and dentistry

thumb|Gate of the Winter Palace in [[St Petersburg.]] Ironwork is any weapon, artwork, utensil, or architectural feature made of iron, especially one used for decoration. There are two main types of ironwork: wrought iron and cast iron. While the use of iron dates as far back as 4000 BC, it was the Hittites who first knew how to extract it (see iron ore) and develop weapons. Use of iron was mainly utilitarian until the Middle Ages; it became widely used for decoration in the period between the 16th and 19th century.

sculptoric technique

thumbnail|right|A Casting from Life, an 1887 painting by Édouard Joseph Dantan. Lifecasting is the process of creating a three-dimensional copy of a living human body, through the use of molding and casting techniques. In rare cases lifecasting is also practiced on living animals. The most common lifecasts are 3D hand casting, casting of torsos, pregnant bellies, faces, and genitalia. It is possible for an experienced lifecasting practitioner to copy any part of the body. Lifecasting is usually limited to a section of the body at a time, but full-body lifecasts are achievable too. Compared w

thumb|A visual effects model of a ship from Close Encounters of the Third Kind featuring extensive greebling Greebles, also called greeblies (singular: greebly) or nurnies, are small relief details used to give visual complexity to a model. The act of decorating a model with greebles is known as greebling. While greebling originated as a technique in filmmaking, it is commonly used in model-making, toy design, and kitbashing.

copy made in plaster of another three-dimensional form, for example a sculpture

thumb|Whittling knife cutting a chamfer on a piece of wood thumb|Common examples of whittling Whittling may refer either to the art of carving shapes out of raw wood using a knife or a time-occupying process of repeatedly shaving slivers from a piece of wood. It is used by many as a pastime, or as a way to make artistic creations.

Decorative sugar craft

form of art

traditional Chinese art form

art of creating three-dimensional forms from marble

framework around which a sculpture is built

used in plastic arts