Sea ice

ice formed from frozen seawater

thumb|Coastal polynyas are produced in the Antarctic by katabatic winds thumb|Katabatic wind spilling off an ice shelf|upright thumb|A frosty Arctic condensation plume marks this polynya near the west shore of Hudson Bay. This one (and others nearby) are likely kept open by tidal currents. Mile-high west-facing aerial view.

sea ice that is not attached to land but rather moves on the sea surface in response to wind and ocean currents

effects of global warming in the Arctic

sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity

sea ice that is immobile due to its attachment to a coast, usually extending offshore to about the 20-m isobath

ridge formed in pack ice by accumulation of ice blocks in the convergence between floes

large pack of floating ice

ice made of round pieces of ice with diameters of 30 cm – 3 m and thickness up to 10 cm; features elevated rims formed by piling the frazil ice up the edges of pancakes when they collide

thumb|Brinicle formation;

sea ice loss observed in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean

ice crystals that form in supercooled water that is too turbulent to permit coagulation into sheet ice

sea ice of the Southern Ocean

form of ice

type of ship with a thick hull

thin, soupy layer of frazil crystals clumped together, which makes the ocean surface resemble an oil slick

pool of open water that forms on sea ice in the warmer months of spring and summer

a rare phenomenon in which small pieces of sea ice in open water grow into spheroid pieces of ice

the transport of various materials by drifting ice

research stations built on the ice of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean

classification of ship

process by which salts are expelled from freezing water

ice that forms on the bottom of an established ice cover