Self-organization

upright=1.5|thumb|Editing display showing MediaWiki markup language|alt=refer to caption thumb|right|A photo of the MediaWiki homepage, a wiki software

theoretical concept in sociology

two-dimensional cellular automaton devised by J. H. Conway in 1970

software framework for real-time collaborative editing online

thumb|upright=1.2|Self-organization in micron-sized Nb3O7(OH) cubes during a Hydrothermal synthesis|hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C. Initially [[amorphous cubes gradually transform into ordered 3D meshes of crystalline nanowires as summarized in the model below.]]

spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos

machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction

thumb|Ant paths built from pheromone traces Stigmergy ( ) is a mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions. The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an individual action stimulates the performance of a succeeding action by the same or different agent. Agents that respond to traces in the environment receive positive fitness benefits, reinforcing the likelihood of these behaviors' becoming fixed within a population over time.

analysis of social structures using network and graph theory

thumb|upright=1.2|Self-assembly of lipids (a), [[proteins (b), and (c) SDS-cyclodextrin complexes. SDS is a surfactant with a hydrocarbon tail (yellow) and a SO4 head (blue and red), while cyclodextrin is a saccharide ring (green C and red O atoms).]] thumb|upright=1.2|Transmission electron microscopy image of an iron oxide [[nanoparticle. Regularly arranged dots within the dashed border are columns of Fe atoms. Left inset is the corresponding electron diffraction pattern. Scale bar: 10 nm.]] upright=1.2|thumb|Iron oxide nanoparticles can be dispersed in an organic solvent (toluene). Upon its

device able to make copies of itself

Catallactics is a theory of the way the free market system reaches exchange ratios and prices. It aims to analyse all actions based on monetary calculation and trace the formation of prices back to the point where an agent makes their choices. It explains prices as they are, rather than as they "should" be. The laws of catallactics are not value judgments, but aim to be exact, empirical, and of universal validity. It was used extensively by the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises.

non-fiction work by Stephen Wolfram

concept in physics

movement of molecules into a defined arrangement without outside influence

Transition space between order and disorder

organised layer of amphiphilic molecules

Horizontalidad (, horizontality or horizontalism) is a social relationship that advocates the creation, development, and maintenance of social structures for the equitable distribution of management power and is a prominent concept within anarchist thought. These structures and relationships function as a result of dynamic self-management, involving the continuity of participation and exchange between individuals to achieve the larger desired outcomes of the collective whole.

complex of molecules held together by noncovalent bonds

functional explanation of linguistic form

theory of molecules organization

cellular automaton

thumb|400px|Reaction scheme of the chemoton, showing the interplay of metabolism, information and structural closure. Based on Fig. 1.1 of Gánti (2003)The term chemoton (short for 'chemical automaton') refers to an abstract model for the fundamental unit of life introduced by Hungarian theoretical biologist Tibor Gánti. Gánti conceived the basic idea in 1952 and formulated the concept in 1971 in his book The Principles of Life (originally written in Hungarian, and translated to English only in 2003). He suggested that the chemoton was the original ancestor of all organisms.

Conceptual framework

Economics and sociology concept

theory of nucleation

thumb|Perspective view of nanomesh, whose structure ends at the back of the figure. The distance between two pore centers is 3.2nm, and the pores are 0.05nm deep.

physico-chemical process by which a molecule configures itself into its normal conformation without any external agent

concept that tries to grasp the essence of some operational and functional structures observed in biological organisms and other kinds of complex and self-organizing systems