Skeletal disorders

Arthritis is a general medical term used to describe a disorder in which the smooth cartilagenous layer that lines a joint is lost, resulting in bone grinding on bone during joint movement. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In certain types of arthritis, other organs, such as the skin, are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden.

Osteoarthritis is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. A form of arthritis, it is believed to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world, with an estimated 240 million people worldwide having activity-limiting osteoarthritis. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Usually the symptoms progress slowly over years. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and, when the back is affected, weakness or numbness of the arms and legs. The most commonly involved joints are the two

Rickets (scientific nomenclature: rachitis; from Greek , meaning "in or of the spine" which was chosen as a back-formation, see Etymology) is a condition that results in weak or soft bones in children and may have either dietary-deficiency or genetic causes. Symptoms include bowed legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large forehead, and trouble sleeping. Complications may include bone deformities, bone pseudofractures and fractures, muscle spasms, or an abnormally curved spine. The analogous condition in adults is osteomalacia.

osteochondrodysplasia that has material basis in a deficiency in type-I collagen which results in brittle bones and defective connective tissue

condition caused by repetitive movements in which the outer elbow becomes sore and tender, sometimes involving inflammation or small tendon tears

Mastoiditis is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside the mastoid process. The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear. The mastoid process contains open, air-containing spaces. Mastoiditis is usually caused by untreated acute otitis media (middle ear infection) and used to be a leading cause of child mortality. With the development of antibiotics, however, mastoiditis has become quite r

osteochondrosis that results in death and fracture located in hip joint

Spondylosis is the degeneration of the vertebral column from any cause. In the more narrow sense, it refers to spinal osteoarthritis, the age-related degeneration of the spinal column, which is the most common cause of spondylosis. The degenerative process in osteoarthritis chiefly affects the vertebral bodies, the neural foramina and the facet joints (facet syndrome). If severe, it may cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots with subsequent sensory or motor disturbances, such as pain, paresthesia, imbalance, and muscle weakness in the limbs.

human disease: joints that stretch farther than normal

traumatic condition

medical condition

Kienbock disease is a rare bone disorder of unknown etiology characterized clinically by osteonecrosis of the carpal lunate, eventually leading to collapse of the lunate bone impacting wrist function

medical condition

rare disease

medical condition

congenital disorder in humans caused by abnormal fetal development of the lower spine

medical condition

exostosis that has material basis in a mutation on the genes EXT1, EXT2 and EXT3 which results in multiple bony spurs throughout a child's growth

Brachymetatarsia is a rare malformation that causes one or more toes to be abnormally short. The condition is characterized by a metatarsal arch shortness of more than 5 mm. The condition is more common in females, and the condition is reported in literature ranges from 0.02% to 0.05%. Brachymetatarsia appears to be the result of epiphyseal plate retardation or premature closure. The etiology may be congenital and idiopathic, posttraumatic, postinfection, iatrogenic, or secondary to a systemic disease such as cancer, sickle cell disease, pseudohyperparathyroidism, Turner's syndrome, Down syndr

rare disease

osteochondrodysplasia that results in inward turning of lower leg, located in tibia, which fails to develop normally

medical condition

rare nonhereditary sporadic disorder

autosomal recessive disease characterized by neuromyotonia and chondrodysplasia that has material basis in hypomorphic mutations in the HSPG2 gene on chromosome 1p36

rare disease

structural disorder of the hip

Osteodystrophy is any dystrophic growth of the bone. It is defective bone development that is usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

human disease

medical term for the inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint

Kyphoscoliosis describes an abnormal curvature of the spine in both the coronal and sagittal planes. It is a combination of kyphosis and scoliosis. This musculoskeletal disorder often leads to other issues in patients, such as under-ventilation of lungs, pulmonary hypertension, difficulty in performing day-to-day activities, and psychological issues emanating from anxiety about acceptance among peers, especially in young patients. It can also be seen in syringomyelia, Friedreich's ataxia, spina bifida, kyphoscoliotic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (kEDS), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to asymmet

orthopedic and radiographic disorder that often occurs in elderly humans

organization

Human disease

An osteochondrodysplasia, or skeletal dysplasia, is a disorder of the development of bone and cartilage. Osteochondrodysplasias are rare diseases. About 1 in 5,000 babies are born with some type of skeletal dysplasia. Nonetheless, if taken collectively, genetic skeletal dysplasias or osteochondrodysplasias comprise a recognizable group of genetically determined disorders with generalized skeletal affection. These disorders lead to disproportionate short stature and bone abnormalities, particularly in the arms, legs, and spine. Skeletal dysplasia can result in marked functional limitation and e

rare benign chronic progressive metaplasia in which cartilage is formed in synovial membranes

rare disorder characterized by gingival fibromatosis, coarse facial appearance, and absence or hypoplasia of nails or terminal phalanges of hands and feet

area of necrotic bone in the mandible or maxilla

deformation of the extremities

genetic skeletal disease

osteomyelitis characterized by multiple foci of painful swelling of bones, mainly in the metaphyses of the long bones, in addition to the pelvis, the shoulder girdle and the spine

medical condition

medical condition

A syndesmophyte is a bony growth originating inside a ligament, commonly seen in the ligaments of the spine, specifically the ligaments in the intervertebral joints leading to fusion of vertebrae. Syndesmophytes are pathologically similar to osteophytes. Ankylosing spondylitis patients are particularly prone to developing syndesmophytes. They are also commonly seen in patients who have had back surgery or other chronic stresses on the ligaments of their spine. Syndesmophytes indicate spine degeneration, similar to osteophytes of spine; however, they bridge across the joint as compared to osteo

syndrome characterized by a combination of multiple joint contractures and osteogenesis imperfecta

medical condition

Catel-Manzke syndrome is a rare bone disease characterized by bilateral hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger typically in association with Pierre Robin sequence (see this term) comprising micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis

Rare X-linked form of chondrodysplasia punctata

medical condition

osteochondrodysplasia that has material basis in mesomelia and acromelia, which results in short limb Dwarfism

human disease

Metachondromatosis is an autosomal dominant, incompletely penetrant genetic disease affecting the growth of bones, leading to exostoses primarily in the hands and feet as well as enchondromas of long bone metaphyses and iliac crests. This syndrome affects mainly tubular bones, though it can also involve the vertebrae, small joints, and flat bones. The disease is thought to affect exon 4 of the PTPN11 gene. Metachondromatosis is believed to be caused by an 11 base pair deletion resulting in a frameshift and nonsense mutation. The disease was discovered and named in 1971 by Pierre Maroteaux, a F

system for classifying bone fractures created by the AO Foundation, a Swiss organization, as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome

rare infectious disease

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens