Slope landforms

A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains and typically containing a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacial ice. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountains or polar areas.

thumb|Euganean Hills in [[Italy]]

thumb|right|The Kakanui Range dominates the eastern horizon of the [[Maniototo Plain of New Zealand]] In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation. Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world

thumb|upright=1.25|Satellite image of the Tibetan Plateau between the Himalayan mountains to the south and the [[Taklamakan Desert to the north]]

navigable route, typically through a saddle or its vicinity, to cross a mountain range or a ridge

thumb|Grand Canyon, [[Arizona, at the confluence of the Colorado River and Little Colorado River.]]

thumb|The White Cliffs of Dover upright|thumb|The Trango Towers in Pakistan. Their vertical faces are the world's tallest cliffs. Trango Tower center; Trango Monk center left; Trango II far left; Great Trango right. upright|thumb|Europe's highest cliff, Troll Wall in Norway, a famous [[BASE jumping location for jumpers from around the world.]]

thumb|upright=1.05|A climber taking the final few steps to the summit of Imja Tse (Island Peak) in [[Nepal, 2004]] thumb|View from the summit of Switzerland's highest peak, [[Monte Rosa]]

thumb|The southern ridge of the Xueshan Range|Mt Sylvia Range, a ridge composed of several peaks, viewed from the Lishan area of [[Taiwan]]

thumb|Aerial view of mesas in Monument Valley, on the [[Colorado Plateau]] thumb|right|Har Qatum, a mesa located on the southern edge of Makhtesh Ramon, Israel thumb|Ingleborough in North Yorkshire, England thumb|Mount Garfield (Mesa County, Colorado)|Mount Garfield, a mesa in Colorado A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge, or hill, bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a resistant layer of harder rock, like sandstone or limestone, forming a capro

thumb|upright=1.2|Homole Ravine, Pieniny National Park (Poland)|Pieniny, [[Poland]] thumb|Shinturgen pine forest photographed from above. [[Enbekshikazakh District, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan.]]

thumb|A gully in Avaré, Brazil

thumb|Cuesta in Italy thumb|Schematic cross section of three cuestas, dip slopes facing left, and harder rock layers in darker colors than softer ones thumb|Cuesta in Crimea thumb| Magaliesberg Range, Transvaal, South Africa

thumb|right|upright|Talus at the bottom of Mount Yamnuska, [[Alberta, Canada]]

thumb|West and East Mitten Buttes|The Mittens and [[Merrick Butte in Monument Valley, Utah–Arizona]]

thumb|right|Rocky Mountain foothills near Denver, [[Colorado]]

thumb|300px|Escarpment face of a cuesta, broken by a fault, overlooking Trenton, [[Cloudland Canyon State Park, and Lookout Mountain in the U.S. state of Georgia]] An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

long, narrow ridge with a narrow crest and steep slopes of nearly equal inclination on both flanks

long ridges of earth, rocks, or gravel primarily constructed to carry a roadway, railway or canal; if built to retain water, use "levees" or "dikes."

short narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills

thumb|Glendun, one of the [[Glens of Antrim in Northern Ireland]] A glen is a valley, typically one that is long and bounded by gently sloped concave sides, unlike a ravine, which is deep and bounded by steep slopes. Glens are appreciated by tourists for their tranquility and scenery.

topographic surface which slopes in the same direction as the dip of the underlying strata

characteristic landform in Ethiopia, known for being steep-sided, flat-topped mountain, often the site of villages, wells and their surrounding farmland

thumb|The River Spey flowing through Strathspey

small wooded valley, slope landform

steeply sloping triangular landform created by the differential erosion of a steeply dipping, erosion-resistant layer of rock overlying softer strata.

mountain or hill with two adjacent summits of approximately equal height, separated by a col or a saddle

thumb | right | alt=An example photograph of a Combe in Switzerland. | The "Combe de Dreveneuse" in Valais, Switzerland. A combe (; also spelled coombe or coomb and, in place names, comb) can refer either to a steep, narrow valley, or to a small valley or large hollow on the side of a hill; in any case, it is often understood simply to mean a small valley through which a watercourse does not run.