Soil fertility

thumb|Aerial view of Flevopolder, the [[Netherlands]] alt=|thumb|Satellite imagery|Satellite image of [[Noordoostpolder, the Netherlands (595.41 km2)]] A polder () is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. The three types of polder are:

practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons

thumb|A ploughed field left unsown Fallow is a farming technique in which arable land is left without sowing for one or more vegetative cycles. The goal of fallowing is to allow the land to recover and store organic matter while retaining moisture and disrupting pest life cycles and soil-borne pathogens by temporarily removing their hosts. Crop rotation systems typically called for some of a farmer's fields to be left fallow each year.

the ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth

thumb|upright=1.7| (A) Root system architecture is concerned with structural features of the root and responds to with environmental stimuli. (B) The rhizosphere produces photosynthetically fixed carbon that exudes into the soil and influences soil physicochemical gradients. (C) Free-living or [[parasitic nematodes interact with the rhizosphere via signaling interactions. (D) Mycorrhizal fungi create intimate relationships with the roots and engage in nutrient exchange. (E) Bacterial composition is distinct upon different parts, age, type of the roots.]]

alt=A large pile of biochar|thumb|A pile of biochar thumb|alt=Biochar mixture ready for soil application|Biochar mixture ready for soil application Biochar is a form of charcoal, sometimes modified, that is intended for organic use, as in soil. It is the lightweight black remnants remaining after the pyrolysis of biomass, consisting of carbon and ashes. Despite its name, biochar is sterile immediately after production and only gains biological life following assisted or incidental exposure to biota. Biochar is defined by the International Biochar Initiative as the "solid material obtained from

statement that growth is dictated by the scarcest resource

total yield, or yield per unit area of land

conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems

area of land where plant growth may be limited

measure of soil chemistry

application of minerals to soil

collective term for organisms living in soil or at the soil–litter interface

thumb|300px|Revegetation on the banks of the Potomac River, USA thumb|302x302px|CSIRO ScienceImage 4361 Revegetation of degraded site northern China 1991 thumb|302x302px|Riparian revegetation work at the Mount Polley mine in British Columbia, Canada Revegetation is the process of replanting and rebuilding the soil of disturbed land. This may be a natural process produced by plant colonization and succession, manmade rewilding projects, accelerated process designed to repair damage to a landscape due to wildfire, mining, flood, or other cause. Originally the process was simply one of applying s

thumb|Surface runoff of topsoil from a field in Iowa during a rainstorm

minimum amount of water in the soil that the plant requires not to wilt

process of infiltration and percolation of water in the ground and aquifers

improvement of damaged location

ratio

A bioeffector is a viable microorganism or active natural compound which directly or indirectly affects plant performance (biofertilizer), and thus has the potential to reduce fertilizer and pesticide use in crop production.

Soviet agricultural and irrigation project

altering of landscape, conversion of landforms

Nitrophily is a botanical term that indicates a preference of certain plant species for a habitat rich in nitrate. This term was first introduced by George Fuller during the 1930s. The word is a contraction of the Greek words νἰτρον (nitron) meaning "saltpetre" and φίλος (philos) meaning "friendly".

New Deal-era Midwest windbreak forestation project