Spartan hegemony

king of Sparta

Lysander (; ; 454 BC – 395 BC) was a Spartan commander and statesman who was one of the leading military and political leaders of Sparta during the Peloponnesian Wars. He destroyed the Athenian fleet at the Battle of Aegospotami in 405 BC, forcing Athens to capitulate and bringing the Peloponnesian Wars to an end. He then played a key role in Sparta's domination of Greece for the next decade until his death at the Battle of Haliartus.

military alliance in Ancient Greece

5th century BC Agiad King of Sparta

Final major battle of the Peloponnesian War, 405 BCE

Spartan king, 4th c. BCE

city wall in ancient Athens

4th-century BC Agiad Spartan king

thumb|Location of Phlius Phlius (; ) or Phleius () was an independent polis (city-state) in the northeastern part of Peloponnesus. Phlius' territory, called Phliasia (), was bounded on the north by Sicyonia, on the west by Arcadia, on the east by Cleonae, and on the south by Argolis. This territory is a small valley about above the level of the sea, surrounded by mountains, from which streams flow down on every side, joining the river Asopus in the middle of the plain. The mountain in the southern part of the plain, from which the principal source of the Asopus springs, was called Carneates (Κ

Spartan general

thumb|Antalcidas traveled to Susa to negotiate the peace at the Achaemenid court. Antalcidas (; died  BC), son of Leon, was an ancient Greek soldier, politician, and diplomat from Sparta. __NOTOC__

Spartan hegemony over ancient Greece (404–371 BC)

Sphodrias () (d. 371 BC) was a Spartan general during the Spartan Hegemony over Greece. As governor of Thespiai in 378 BC, he made an unsuccessful attack against Athens without any order from Sparta. He was put on trial for this act, but unexpectedly acquitted, thanks to the support of the two Spartan kings, Cleombrotus I and Agesilaus II. This acquittal greatly upset Athens which rapidly concluded an alliance with Thebes against Sparta as a result.

thumb|upright=2|Route of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (red line) in the [[Achaemenid Empire. The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green. Anaxibius shipped the Ten Thousand of Xenophon from Chrysopolis to Byzantium.]] Anaxibius (), was the Spartan admiral stationed at Byzantium in 400 BC, to whom the Greek troops of Cyrus the Younger, on their arrival at Trapezus on the Euxine, sent their general, Cheirisophus, to obtain a sufficient number of ships to transport them to Europe.

war during 378-362 BCE between Thebes and Sparta

Diphridas was a Spartan general in the Corinthian War. In 391 BC, he was placed in command of Spartan forces in Asia Minor, whose previous commander, Thibron, had been killed in an ambush. Diphridas continued his predecessor's policy of launching plundering raids into the territory of Persian satrap in the region, Struthas. These raids were highly successful; Diphridas at one point captured Struthas's son-in-law, and with the plunder he took he was able to hire mercenaries to enlarge his force.

Mnasippus of Sparta () was appointed to the command of the armament which was sent to Corcyra, in 373 BC, to recover the island from the Athenians. Having landed there, he ravaged the country, and, blockading the city by sea and land, reduced the Corcyraeans to the greatest extremities. Imagining, however, that success was now within his grasp, he dismissed some of his mercenaries and kept the pay of the rest in arrear. It would appear, too, that discipline was less strictly preserved among his men than heretofore, for we read that the several posts of the besiegers were now imperfectly guarde