Spherical geometry

geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere

special function over the surface of a sphere

mathematical term

term in geometry

mathematical term

In a spherical coordinate system, a colatitude is the complementary angle of a given latitude, i.e. the difference between a right angle and the latitude. In geography, Southern latitudes are defined to be negative, and as a result the colatitude is a non-negative quantity, ranging from zero at the North pole to 180° at the South pole.

point on the surface of a circle or n-sphere which is diametrically opposed to a given point

plane of reference that divides the sphere into two hemispheres

Region between two concentric spheres of differing radii

portion of a ball bounded by two plane semidisks and a spherical lune

geometrical shape

thumb|The spherinder can be seen as the volume between two parallel and equal solid 2-spheres (3-balls) in 4-dimensional space, here stereographically projected into 3D. In four-dimensional geometry, the spherinder, or spherical cylinder or spherical prism, is a geometric object, defined as the Cartesian product of a 3-ball (or solid 2-sphere) of radius r1 and a line segment of length 2r2:

smooth curve that divides a sphere into 2 equal-area subsets has at least 4 inflections