Spiritual Christianity

thumb|Skoptsy woman having undergone a mastectomy

The Doukhobors (Canadian spelling) or Dukhobors (; ) are a Spiritual Christian ethnoreligious group of Russian origin. They are known for their pacifism and tradition of oral history, hymn-singing, and verse. They reject the Russian Orthodox priesthood and associated rituals, believing that personal revelation is more important than the Bible. Facing persecution by the Russian government for their nonorthodox beliefs, about one-third migrated to Canada between 1899 and 1938, where most of them reside .

The Molokans ( or , "dairy-eater") are a Russian Spiritual Christian and a Protestant sect that evolved from Eastern Orthodoxy in the East Slavic lands. Their traditions, especially dairy consumption during Christian fasts, did not conform to those of the Russian Orthodox Church, and they were regarded as heretics (). The term is an exonym used by their Orthodox neighbors. Members tend to identify themselves as Spiritual Christians (, ).

thumb|right|Ecstatic ritual of Khlysts ("radeniye") The Khlysts or Khlysty (, "whips") were an underground Spiritual Christian sect which emerged in Russia in the 17th century.

Russian religious movement, non-Orthodox

Yehowists (also Yehowist-Ilyinites, Ilyinists, Ilyintsy, Jehovists, Sect of the Right-hand Brotherhood, The Message of Zion, ) is a Russian Spiritual Christian millenarian religious movement founded by retired army officer and religious thinker Nikolai Ilyin in the 1840s.