Sports officiating technology

in association football, match official that reviews decisions made by the head referee with the use of video footage

thumb|A metal pea whistle thumb|A 3D-printable whistle

electronic aid to determine if a goal has been scored or not

thumb|Hawk-Eye camera system at the Kremlin Cup tennis tournament on 20 October 2012, Moscow

marking substance in sports, typically used on the playing ground, in order to provide a temporary visual marker

method of determining winner of races

video reproduction of an earlier live occurrence during an event

technology-based system used in the sport of cricket

common expression used in horse racing and other sports to describe a tie

GoalRef is an association football goal-line technology system developed by German research institute Fraunhofer in association with Select Sport. It works by detecting the passage of the ball using magnetic induction. Along with Hawk-Eye, GoalControl and Cairos it is one of four systems approved for use in the professional game by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).

Sports officiating technology

Form of race timing