Srivijaya

Srivijaya, also spelled Sri Vijaya or Sriwijaya, was a Malay thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia) that influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to 11th century. Srivijaya was the first polity to dominate much of western Maritime Southeast Asia. Due to its location, Srivijaya developed complex technology using maritime resources. In addition, its economy became progressively reliant on the booming trade in the region, thus transforming it into a prestige goods-based economy.

Dharmakīrti (fl. ) was an influential Indian Buddhist philosopher who worked at Nālandā. He was one of the key scholars of epistemology (pramāṇa) in Buddhist philosophy, and is associated with the Yogācāra and Sautrāntika schools. He was also one of the primary theorists of Buddhist atomism. His works influenced the scholars of Mīmāṃsā, Nyaya and Shaivism schools of Hindu philosophy as well as scholars of Jainism.

(635–713), Chinese Buddhist monk, traveler, and writer

''' (, ; Pali: ', ; ) is a toponym that appears in many ancient Indian literary sources and Buddhist texts such as the Mahavamsa, some of the Jataka tales, the Milinda Panha and the Ramayana.

small Malay kingdom

thumb|Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist bhikṣus of the Mūlasarvāstivāda ordination lineage

stone inscription in Indonesia

kingdom in Asia Tenggara

Buddhist temple complex and village in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia

buddhist temple in Indonesia

medieval naval raids

former nation in present-day Thailand

7th-century Srivijayan inscription found in Sumatra, Indonesia

buddhist temple in Indonesia

mountain in Indonesia

Chinese pirate

Pannai, Panai or Pane was a Buddhist kingdom located on the east coast of Northern Sumatra that existed between the 11th and 14th centuries. The kingdom was located on the Barumun River and Panai River valleys, in today's Labuhan Batu and South Tapanuli regencies. Because surviving inscriptions and historical records of this period are scarce, the kingdom is among the least known political entities in Indonesian history. Historians suggest that Pannai was probably a principality or a vassal allied under the Srivijayan mandala and later to Dharmasraya kingdom.

inscription found in West Sumatra, Indonesia

7th-century Srivijaya inscription

Former kingodm in Southeast Asia

Indonesian inscription

king of Palembang in Srivijaya

The Pamalayu campaign was a diplomatic and military expeditionary force sent by the Javanese King Kertanegara of Singhasari to conquer the Sumatran Melayu Kingdom. It was decreed in 1275, though perhaps not undertaken until later.

Srijivayan inscrption found in Sumatra, Indonesia

archaeological park