Standard Chinese

standard form of the Chinese language

test of Standard Chinese language proficiency of the People's Republic of China, for non-native Chinese speakers

forms of written Chinese based on the varieties of Chinese spoken throughout China, as opposed to Classical Chinese

sounds used in modern standard Mandarin Chinese

campaigns to shift Chinese dialects to Standard Mandarin

Taiwan's test of Mandarin proficiency for non-native speakers

Romanization system for Mandarin for the French-speaking world

system set up in 1913 for the phonology of standard Chinese, based on Beijing dialect, influenced by older forms of Mandarin and Wu, containing initials /v/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, preserving the “round-sharp distinction” and the checked tone; abandoned by 1926