Standard Unix programs

AWK () is a scripting language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool. Like sed and grep, it is a filter, and it is a standard feature of most Unix-like operating systems. The shell command that runs the AWK processor is named .

grep is a command-line utility for searching text for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (global, regular expression, print), which has the same effect. grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, and is commonly available on Unix-like and some other systems such as OS-9. The shell command that runs the utility has the same name: .

sed (short for stream editor) is a utility that transforms text via a script written in a relatively simple and compact programming language. It was developed from 1973 to 1974 by Lee E. McMahon of Bell Labs, and is available today for most operating systems. The functionality of sed is based on the scripting features of the interactive editor ed ("editor", 1971) and the earlier qed ("quick editor", 1965–66). It was one of the earliest tools to support regular expressions, and remains in use for text processing, most notably with the substitution command. Popular alternative tools for text man

Unix utility that concatenates and lists files

' is a shell command for changing access permissions and special mode flags of files (including special files such as directories). The name is short for change mod'e where mode refers to the permissions and flags collectively.

basic UNIX command used to remove objects such as files and directories

command of Unix, DOS, OS/2, AmigaOS, Windows, and Linux operating systems

ls is a shell command for listing files including special files such as directories. Originally developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX and Single UNIX Specification, it is supported in many operating systems today, including Unix-like variants, Windows (via PowerShell and UnxUtils), EFI, and MSX-DOS (via MSX-DOS2 Tools).

UNIX command for copying files and directories

' , short for change own'er, is a shell command for changing the owning user of Unix-based file system files including special files such as directories.

cron is a time-based job scheduler. A scheduled job is known as a cron job. Although typically used to automate system maintenance and administration it can be used to automate any task. is most suitable for scheduling repetitive tasks as scheduling a one-time task can be accomplished via at.

diff is a shell command that compares the content of files and reports differences. The term diff is also used to identify the output of the command and is used as a verb for running the command. To diff files, one runs diff to create a diff.

command on Unix and Unix-like operating systems

', short for change group', is a shell command for changing the group associated with a Unix-based file system file including special files such as directories. Changing the group of a file is restricted to a super-user (such as via ) or to the file's owning user if the user is in the specified group.

command-line utility

standard Unix command

command of DOS, OS/2, Microsoft Windows, Unix and Unix-like operating systems

line-oriented text editor

standard UNIX utility

UNIX utility which implements an arbitrary-precision arithmetic language

standard Unix computer program

shell command in various operating systems

cksum is a shell command for generating a checksum for a file or stream of data. The command reports the 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count for each file specified in the command-line arguments or for standard input if no arguments provided. The CRC value is different from the CRC-32 used with a ZIP file, PNG or zlib.

UNIX Utility

standard Unix program used to change a file's access and modification timestamps

standard Unix program

standard Unix program used to estimate file space usage

command-line program

command line utility for Unix or a Unix-like operating systems

env is a shell command that either reports environment variables or runs a command in a subprocess with modified environment variables. The command is provided in a Unix-like system.

command in various command line interpreters

basename is a shell command for extracting the last name of a file path.

dirname is a shell command for extracting the directory path portion of a path, without the last name. The command is specified in the Single UNIX Specification and is primarily used in shell scripts.

line editor for Unix systems

Unix command line utility

Unix command

Unix archiver utility

expr is a shell command that evaluates an expression and outputs the result. It evaluates integer or string expressions, including pattern matching regular expressions. Comparison operators (equal, not equal, less than, etc.) apply to both integer and string values. Integer-specific operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus. String-specific operators include: matching a regular expression (, or the colon syntax for an arbitrary string "str" and regular expression "reg") finding a set of characters in a string () finding a substring () finding the length

Unix command to send messages to another user by writing directly to their terminal

Unix command

comm is a shell command for comparing two files for common and distinct lines. It reads the files as lines of text and outputs text as three columns. The first two columns contain lines unique to the first and second file, respectively. The last column contains lines common to both. Columns are typically separated with the tab character. If the input text contains lines beginning with the separator character, the output columns can become ambiguous.

standard UNIX utility

ctags is a shell command that generates an index (tag) file of programmatic identifiers parsed from source code files of various programming languages to aid with code comprehension. The tags are often used by a source-code editor to lookup the definition of an identifier while the user develops the source code. Alternatively, the command supports an output format that is a human-readable cross reference.

pair of standard Unix utilities

Unix shell compression program

standard UNIX utility

standard UNIX utility to list, edit and reexecute commands previously entered to an interactive shell

Unix command to commit all data in the kernel filesystem to non-volatile storage buffers

csplit is a shell command for splitting a file into two or more smaller files determined by context lines. The command is commonly available on Unix and Unix-like operating systems.