States and territories disestablished in 1240

former federation of East Slavic tribes

600s–1200s Bulgar state on the Volga River

West African empire based in modern-day Mauritania and Mali (c. 200–c. 1200s)

Alania was a medieval kingdom of the Alans that flourished between the 9th and 13th centuries in the Northern Caucasus area, inhabited by the Iranian-speaking Alans and various native north Caucasian ethnic groups. With its capital known as Maghas, the location of which is still disputed, it became independent from the Khazars and in the late 9th century. The state was Christianized by a Byzantine missionary sent by Constantinople soon after, in the early 10th century.