States and territories disestablished in 1569

city-state on the Appenine Peninsula between 1115–1532/69

(1532-1569) former Italian principality centred on the city of Florence

former union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1385–1569)

Madja-as was a legendary precolonial confederacy on the island of Panay in the Philippines. It was mentioned in Pedro Monteclaro's book titled Maragtas. It was supposedly created by Datu Sumakwel to exercise his authority over all the other datus of Panay. Like the Maragtas and the Code of Kalantiaw, the historical authenticity of the confederation is disputed.