States and territories established in the 10th century BC

Israelite Kingdom, whose capital was Jerusalem and Hebron, c. 930–586 BCE

Northern Israelite kingdom, c. 930–720 BCE

historical state in Mesopotamia

thumb|350px|The Chaldean tribes in Babylonia during the 1st millennium BC.

Sheba, or Saba, was an ancient South Arabian kingdom that existed in Yemen before 275 CE. It likely began to exist between c. 1000 BCE and c. 800 BCE. Its inhabitants were the Sabaeans, who, as a people, were indissociable from the kingdom itself for much of the 1st millennium BCE. Modern historians agree that the heartland of the Sabaean civilization was located in the region around Marib and Sirwah. In some periods, they expanded to much of modern Yemen and even parts of the Horn of Africa, particularly Eritrea and Ethiopia. The kingdom's native language was Sabaic, which was a variety of Ol

ancient Egyptian dynasty

thumb|right|Qasr al Abd|Qasr Al Abd was built by the governor of Ammon in 200 BC

former country